With $182 million of U.S. federal funds committed, the Elwha River Restoration Project is the largest dam removal and river restoration project ever attempted. When the two dams are removed, 10 anadromous fish stocks (with a pre-dam population estimated at 400,000) are expected to return to 110 km of river from which they've been excluded for a century. While dam removal is typically viewed through the lens of ecosystem restoration, in the case of the Elwha River there is deep cultural connection of the first nation peoples, the S'Klallam Tribe, to the river, as cited in the 1992 Elwha River Restoration Act (PL102-495). The Elwha hydroelectric dam was completed in 1913 eight river kilometers from the river's mouth. The economic boom that followed, allowed investors to build a second dam, the Glines Canyon Dam upstream in 1927. When dam owners applied for relicensing in 1968, the Lower Elwha S'Klallam Tribe exerted 1855 Treaty Rights "...of taking fish at usual and accustomed grounds..." which eventually lead to the Elwha River Restoration Act and the planned removal of the dams. Since the watershed has been protected in Olympic National Park, this case provides a study site for testing hypotheses related to dam removal and river restoration under ideal conditions.