Amici are legal scholars whose focus includes remedies, federal courts, the separation of powers, and constitutional law. They have a strong professional interest in the proper development of the law, which includes accounting for the best available empirical evidence and structural legal principles bearing on the questions here at issue.

Amici are Douglas Laycock, Robert E. Scott, Distinguished Professor of Law at the University of Virginia School of Law; James E. Pfander, Owen L. Coon Professor of Law at the Pritzker School of Law at Northwestern University; Alexander A. Reinert, Max Freund Professor of Litigation and Advocacy at the Benjamin N. Cardozo School of Law; and Joanna C. Schwartz, Professor of Law at UCLA Law School.