A proposal to have the federal government resuscitate federalism by way of direct transfer payments to state governments by way of the Taxing and Spending Clause of the U.S. Constitution's Article 1. The idea is to give direct payments to state governments for purposes of improving human development. In situations where state governments manifestly refuse to spend the money to address public needs, the federal government is to withdraw the funds from recalcitrant states and use the money to make direct payments to households living below the federal poverty threshold within the state.