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Article
Mirach’s Goblin: Discovery of a dwarf spheroidal galaxy behind the Andromeda galaxy
Astronomy & Astrophysics (2018)
  • David Martínez-Delgado, Universität Heidelberg
  • Eva K. Grebel, Universität Heidelberg
  • Behnam Javanmardi, Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences
  • Walter Boschin, Fundación G. Galilei – INAF
  • Nicolas Longeard, Strasbourg University
  • Julio A. Carballo-Bello, Instituto de Astrofísica
  • Dmitry Makarov, Special Astrophysical Observatory
  • Michael A. Beasley, Universidad de La Laguna
  • Giuseppe Donatiello, Nuovo Orione
  • Martha P. Haynes, Cornell University
  • Duncan A. Forbes, Swinburne University of Technology
  • Aaron J. Romanowsky, San Jose State University
Abstract
Context. It is of broad interest for galaxy formation theory to carry out a full inventory of the numbers and properties of dwarf galaxies, both satellite and isolated, in the Local Volume.

Aims. Ultra-deep imaging in wide areas of the sky with small amateur telescopes can help to complete the census of these hitherto unknown low-surface-brightness galaxies, which cannot be detected by the current resolved stellar population and HI surveys. We report the discovery of Donatiello I, a dwarf spheroidal galaxy located one degree from the star Mirach (β And) in a deep image taken with an amateur telescope.

Methods. The color-magnitude diagram (CMD) obtained from follow-up observations obtained with the Gran Telescopio Canarias (La Palma, Spain) reveals that this system is beyond the local group and is mainly composed of old stars. The absence of young stars and HI emission in the ALFALFA survey is typical of quenched dwarf galaxies. Our photometry suggests a distance modulus for this galaxy of (m − M) = 27.6 ± 0.2 (3.3 Mpc), although this distance cannot yet be established securely owing to the crowding effects in our CMD. At this distance, the absolute magnitude (MV = −8.3), surface brightness (μV = 26.5 mag arcsec−2), and stellar content of Donatiello I are similar to the “classical” Milky Way companions Draco or Ursa Minor.

Results. The projected position and distance of Donatiello I are consistent with this object being a dwarf satellite of the closest S0-type galaxy NGC 404 (“Mirach’s Ghost”). Alternatively, it could be one of the most isolated quenched dwarf galaxies reported so far behind the Andromeda galaxy.
Keywords
  • galaxies: individual: Donatiello I,
  • galaxies: dwarf,
  • galaxies: photometry,
  • galaxies: structure
Publication Date
December 6, 2018
DOI
10.1051/0004-6361/201833302
Publisher Statement
This article was published in Astronomy & Astrophysics, volume 620, issue A126, 2018 and is also available at this link.
Citation Information
David Martínez-Delgado, Eva K. Grebel, Behnam Javanmardi, Walter Boschin, et al.. "Mirach’s Goblin: Discovery of a dwarf spheroidal galaxy behind the Andromeda galaxy" Astronomy & Astrophysics Vol. 620 Iss. A126 (2018) ISSN: 0004-6361
Available at: http://works.bepress.com/aaron_romanowsky/153/