Article
Civil liberties and terrorism in Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan, and PakistanNo Title
Annals of Operations Research
(2019)
Abstract
This article investigates impact of the lack of civil liberties on terrorism in Middle Eastern and North African (MENAP) countries based on terrorism incidents per capita for the period 1998-2010. We control for endogeneity by using oil revenue, military expenditure and under-five mortality rate as instruments and find that we cannot reject the null hypothesis that civil liberties is exogenous. Our findings from exogenous models indicate that an improvement of civil liberties reduces domestic terrorism but not transnational terrorism. Apart from civil liberties, there is also evidence that rule of law decreases domestic terrorism. We also find that political stability reduces transnational terrorism.
Keywords
- civil liberties,
- domestic terrorism,
- transnational terrorism,
- military expenditure,
- under-five mortality rate,
- oil revenue
Disciplines
Publication Date
2019
Citation Information
Paul, J. A. and A. Bagchi. 2019. Civil liberties and terrorism in Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan, and Pakistan. Annals of Operations Research, 275(2): 623-651.
Creative Commons license
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons CC_BY International License.