Objectives: The use of race as a motive for excluding individuals from serving on juries in American criminal trials is unconstitutional. Nevertheless, black individuals remain substantially more likely than others to be removed during jury selection through peremptory challenges. This study tests whether and to what extent there is a racial effect on peremptory challenge use by the prosecution or the defense.

Methods: Using data from 2,542 venire members in Mississippi, propensity score matching is used to examine racial differences in jury selection by comparing black venire members to similarly situated white venire member counterparts.

Results: Findings suggest that black venire members are 4.51 times as likely to be excluded from a jury due to peremptory challenges from the prosecution in comparison to white venire members. Conversely, white venire members are 4.21 times as likely to be excluded through peremptory challenges by the defense in comparison to black venire members.

Conclusions: After controlling for all observed variables, there remain significant differences between white and black venire members, suggesting racial discrimination by both the prosecution and the defense in peremptory challenge usage. Black individuals are more likely to be excluded from juries through these effects, resulting in less racially diverse juries.