Pavements are subject to different stresses during their service life. Correctly predicting the service life provides decisive information to pavement design and rehabilitation. A properly designed pavement material will perform adequately during its design life, and normally the distresses will not exceed the allowable limits. However, premature pavement failure may often appear due to several degradation factors. Moisture sensitivity and asphalt aging properties are two main factors that contribute to the pavement service life reduction. In this editorial, the author will give some comments on the current research status about these two phenomena.