By reconsidering the international law definitions of human trafficking, slavery, servitude and forced labour, the book demonstrates that in embracing the human trafficking legal framework the international community side-lined the human rights commitments against slavery, servitude and forced labour that in many respects provide better protection for abused migrants. This development urgently requires a reversal and the book proposes two corrective steps. The first is placing a renewed emphasis on the human rights law concepts of slavery, servitude or forced labour, and on determining their definitional scope. The second entails a clearer understanding of states’ positive human rights obligations corresponding to the right not to be held in slavery, servitude or forced labour. By looking at the anti-trafficking legal framework and the human rights law framework side-by-side and analyzing the strength and weakness of these frameworks, the book offers innovative arguments and makes an important contribution to the anti-trafficking and human rights law scholarship. The European law, including EU law, is of key concern in the book.