Review of selected fundamental topics on the interaction between phase transformations, fracture, and other structural changes in inelastic materials is presented. It mostly focuses on the concepts developed in the author’s group over last three decades and numerous papers that affected us. It includes a general thermodynamic and kinetic theories with sharp interfaces and within phase field approach. Numerous analytical (even at large strains) and numerical solutions illustrate the main features of the developed theories and their application to the real phenomena. Coherent, semicoherent, and noncoherent interfaces, as well as interfaces with decohesion and with intermediate liquid (disordered) phase are discussed. Importance of the surface- and scale-induced phenomena on interaction between phase transformation with fracture and dislocations as well as inheritance of dislocations and plastic strains is demonstrated. Some nontrivial phenomena are discussed and modeled.