Recent reports show that synaptic inhibition can modulate postsynaptic spike timing without having strong effects on firing rate. Thus synaptic inhibition can achieve multiplicity in neural circuit operation through variable modulation of postsynaptic firing rate vs. timing. We tested this possibility for recurrent inhibition (RI) of spinal motoneurons. In in vivo electrophysiological studies of adult Wistar rats anesthetized by isoflurane, we examined repetitive firing of individual lumbosacral motoneurons recorded in current clamp and modulated by synchronous antidromic electrical stimulation of multiple motor axons and their centrally projecting collateral branches. Antidromic stimulation produced recurrent inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (RIPSPs) having properties similar to those detailed in the cat. Although synchronous RI produced marked short-term modulation of motoneuron spike timing and instantaneous firing rate, there was little or no suppression of average firing rate. The bias in firing modulation of timing over average rate was observed even for high-frequency RI stimulation (100 Hz), perhaps because of the brevity of RIPSPs, which were more than twofold shorter during motoneuron firing compared with rest. These findings demonstrate that RI in the mammalian spinal cord has the capacity to support and not impede heightened motor pool activity, possibly during rapid, forceful movements.