This article compares China’s rise in Asia today with Germany’s rise in Europe in the early twentieth century. In both cases, the regional hierarchy exhibited rapid change and a power transition, with Germany surpassing Great Britain and China surpassing Japan. To understand the implications and the consequences of the changing relative power hierarchy, I examine both cases through the lens of the Power Transition Theory. With an understanding of the possible outcomes of a regional power transition, this study engages a debate as to the correct direction of U.S. foreign policy. I argue that the United States should adopt a strategy of engagement. The proposed U.S. military “pivot” toward Asia is most likely to prevent a regional great power conflict.