Access and Equity for African American Students in Higher Education: A Critical Race Historical Analysis of Policy Efforts

Shaun R. Harper, Ph.D., University of Pennsylvania
Lori D. Patton, Ph.D., Iowa State University
Ontario S. Wooden, Ph.D., North Carolina Central University

Abstract

Policies that have affected enrollments and degree attainment rates for African American students throughout the lifespan of higher education are analyzed in this article. Historically noteworthy progressive steps toward access and equity are juxtaposed with recent indicators of regression. Critical Race Theory is employed as an analytical framework for understanding how white supremacy and racist ideologies have shaped and undermined various policy efforts.