With the end of apartheid, long-ostracised South Africa opened itself up to the rest of the world. South African literary studies likewise has begun to move away from the restrictive lens of South African exceptionalism, to consider how the country's literary production has always taken place within a context of global migration and exchange. Scholars have begun to study South African literature and culture as it connects with such far-flung locations as South Asia (in the work of Betty Govinden and Pallavi Rastogi, for example) or Eastern Europe (in Monica's Popescu's scholarship). Ironically, though, South Africa's literary and cultural connections to and parallels with its much closer African neighbours have been largely ignored (aside from the anthologising work of Michael Chapman and Stephen Gray). This neglect has been particularly acute in the case of the Lusophone nations of Mozambique and Angola.