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Article
Mandatory Rules
Stanford Law Review (2008)
  • Scott Dodson
Abstract

Whether a limitation is jurisdictional or not is an important but often obscure question. In an Article forthcoming in Northwestern University Law Review, I proposed a framework for courts to resolve the issue in a principled way, but I left open the next logical question: what does it mean if a rule is characterized as nonjurisdictional? Jurisdictional rules generally have a clearly defined set of traits: they are not subject to equitable exceptions, consent, waiver, or forfeiture; they can be raised at any time; and they can be raised by any party or the court sua sponte. This jurisdictional rigidity has led courts and commentators to overlook the fact that nonjurisdictional rules need not be the mirror inverse but may instead have some of these attributes of jurisdictionality. A nonjurisdictional rule might, for example, be “mandatory,” meaning that it is subject to waiver or forfeiture, but if properly raised by the party for whose benefit it lies, it has the jurisdictional-like attribute of being immune to equitable exceptions. This Article is the first to take a hard look at nonjurisdictional rules and, particularly, “mandatory” rules. It first argues that they have an important normative role to play in our procedural system. It then shows that, in practice, mandatory but nonjurisdictional characterizations may help explain a number of perplexing doctrines. As an example, the Article demonstrates how such a characterization can help reconcile the otherwise maddeningly inconsistent doctrine of state sovereign immunity. Ultimately, the Article suggests that a greater appreciation for mandatory rules both can benefit the procedural system and can broaden our view of what salutary roles nonjurisdictional rules can play.

Keywords
  • mandatory rules,
  • jurisdiction,
  • jurisdictional,
  • Bowles,
  • 2107,
  • sovereign immunity
Disciplines
Publication Date
2008
Publisher Statement
By permission of the Board of Trustees of the Leland Stanford Junior University, from the Stanford Law Review at 61 Stan. L. Rev. 1 (forthcoming 2008). For information visit http://lawreview.stanford.edu.
Citation Information
Scott Dodson, Mandatory Rules, 61 Stan. L. Rev. 1 (2008).