Botswana’s management of its mineral revenues has been justly acclaimed. Commentators have lauded Botswana’s ability to avoid the resource curse by prudently managing its mineral wealth, in the process transforming itself from one of the world’s most impoverished countries into an upper-middle-income country through five decades of virtually uninterrupted growth. Botswana has also earned a reputation for good governance, prudent macroeconomic policies, and sound management of mineral resources. This case study describes mechanisms and institutions the Government of Botswana has used to manage fiscal policy.