Heat-Induced Redistribution of Disulfide Bonds in Milk Proteins. 2. Disulfide Bonding Patterns Between Bovine β-Lactoglobulin and κ-Casein

Edwin K. Lowe, Fonterra Reseach Centre
Skelte G. Anema, Fonterra Research Centre
Annie Bienvenue, California Polytechnic State University - San Luis Obispo
Michael J. Boland, Fonterra Research Centre
Lawrence K. Creamer, Fonterra Research Centre
Rafael Jiménez-Flores, California Polytechnic State University - San Luis Obispo

Abstract

Heat treatment of milk causes the heat-denaturable whey proteins to aggregate with κ-casein (κ-CN) via thiol-disulfide bond interchange reactions. The particular disulfide bonds that are important in the aggregates are uncertain, although Cys¹²¹ of β-lactoglobulin (β-LG) has been implicated. The reaction at 60°C between β-LG A and an activated κ-CN formed small disulfide-bonded aggregates. The tryptic peptides from this model system included a peptide with a disulfide bond between a Cys residue in the triple-Cys peptide [β-LG(102-124)] and κ-CN Cys⁸⁸ and others between κ-CN Cys⁸⁸ or κ-CN Cys¹¹ and β-LG Cys¹⁶⁰. Only the latter two novel disulfide bonds were identified in heated (90°C/20 min) milk. Application of computational search tools, notably MS2Assign and SearchXLinks, to the mass spectrometry (MS) and collision-induced dissociation (CID)-MS data was very valuable for identifying possible disulfide-bonded peptides. In two instances, peptides with measured masses of 4275.07 and 2312.07 were tentatively assigned to β-LG(102-135): κ-CN(11-13) and β-LG A(61- 69): κ-CN(87s97), respectively. However, sequencing using the CID-MS data demonstrated that they were, in fact, β-LG(1-40) and β-LG(41-60), respectively. This study supports the notion that reversible intramolecular disulfide-bond interchange precedes the intermolecular interchange reactions.