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Article
Neural substrates of impaired sensorimotor timing in adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
Biological Psychiatry
(2010)
Abstract
Background—Timing abilities are critical to the successful management of everyday activities and personal safety, and timing abnormalities have been argued to be fundamental to impulsiveness, a core symptom of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Despite substantial evidence of timing deficits in ADHD youth, only two studies have explicitly examined timing in ADHD adults, and only at the supra-second time-scale. Also, the neural substrates of these deficits are largely unknown for both youth and adults with ADHD. The present study examined sub-second sensorimotor timing and its neural substrates in ADHD adults. Methods—Using fMRI, we examined paced and unpaced finger tapping in a sample of 20 unmedicated adults with ADHD and 19 controls comparable on age, sex and estimated-IQ. The blood oxygenation level-dependent contrast response was used to estimate task-related neural activity. Results—Behavioral data showed no between-group differences in mean tapping rates but greater within-subject variability in tap-to-tap intervals for ADHD adults relative to controls. Importantly, ADHD adults had greater clock rather than motor variability, consistent with a central timing locus for the atypical movements. The imaging results demonstrated that, relative to controls, ADHD adults showed less activity in a number of regions associated with sensorimotor timing, including prefrontal and precentral gyri, basal ganglia, cerebellum, inferior parietal lobule, superior temporal gyri and insula. Conclusions—Our findings show that sub-second timing abnormalities in ADHD youth persist into adulthood and suggest that abnormalities in the temporal structure of behavior observed in ADHD adults result from atypical function of cortico-cerebellar and cortico-striatal timing systems.
Keywords
- ADHD,
- fMRI,
- timing,
- cerebellum,
- frontal cortex,
- basal ganglia
Disciplines
Publication Date
August 15, 2010
Citation Information
Eve M. Valera, Rebecca M. C. Spencer, Thomas A. Zeffero, Nikos Makris, et al.. "Neural substrates of impaired sensorimotor timing in adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder" Biological Psychiatry Vol. 68 Iss. 4 (2010) Available at: http://works.bepress.com/rebecca_spencer/8/
This is the author's manuscript harvested from PubMed. The published version is available at http://www.biologicalpsychiatryjournal.com/article/S0006-3223%2810%2900472-5/fulltext