Copyright (c) 2010 All rights reserved. http://works.bepress.com/profpjm Recent documents in Patrick J. Murphy en-us Fri, 08 Oct 2010 01:35:14 PDT 3600 http://works.bepress.com/profpjm/25 http://works.bepress.com/profpjm/25 Wed, 06 Oct 2010 14:04:20 PDT Most research on new product and service development by entrepreneurial firms takes an individual-level, pre-launch perspective or firm-level post-launch perspective. Our study examines two components of the new product and service introduction process: how entrepreneurs’ prior knowledge underpins (1) firm technological innovation prior to the introduction of new products and services (pre-launch) and (2) post-launch viability of those new products and services. Our findings, based on a series of analyses of data from 158 entrepreneurial firms, show that formal technological innovation fully mediates the relation between prior knowledge and the introduction of viable new products and services. Patrick J. Murphy Articles and Cases (Peer-reviewed) http://works.bepress.com/profpjm/24 http://works.bepress.com/profpjm/24 Sun, 25 Oct 2009 10:52:35 PDT R. P. Tett Articles and Cases (Peer-reviewed) http://works.bepress.com/profpjm/22 http://works.bepress.com/profpjm/22 Sun, 25 Oct 2009 10:42:24 PDT Guided by fit-oriented personality theories, we asked with whom people prefer to work, given their own and others’ personality traits and in light of trait-relevant work situations. Participants (N = 185) completed the Personality Research Form (Jackson, 1989) and rated preference for hypothetical co-workers at opposite poles of Dominance, Affiliation, Autonomy, Defendence, and Abasement in simulated job settings varying in work proximity and supervisory status. As expected, judges preferred co-workers providing opportunity for trait expression (e.g., affiliative judges preferred affiliative co-workers), especially when expecting to work together and in light of who would be in charge (e.g., low-autonomous judges preferred dominant supervisors). Use of personality data in team building is discussed. R. P. Tett Articles and Cases (Peer-reviewed) http://works.bepress.com/profpjm/21 http://works.bepress.com/profpjm/21 Sun, 25 Oct 2009 10:37:28 PDT This dissertation employs an epistemological approach to integrate several branches of social science (i.e., economics, marketing, sociology, psychology) that have contributed to the scholarly field of entrepreneurship. The integration yielded a novel theoretic framework with empirical implications for the study of the entrepreneurial opportunity recognition phenomenon. Empirical assessment of the framework revealed support for models of knowledge-based indicators as forecasters of three different forms of opportunity recognition identified in previous research and theory (i.e., idea-first, business-first, simultaneous). Marginal support was found for the same models as forecasters of the establishment of new business ventures. Ultimately, no support was found for the models as forecasters of venture net worth or expected longevity, but industry sector was found to have a reliable and interpretable effect as a control variable for these outcomes.A sample of 1,261 entrepreneurs provided primary data for the study. Supplementary data used to interpret industry effects was provided via the North American Industry Classification System. The research method used a largely non-parametric analysis strategy, which follows from the theoretic foundations that reject traditional economic equilibrium assumptions. This strategy supported the use of categorical variables as a fitting measurement approach and eliminated violations of traditional parametric analysis assumptions, which has been noted in past research as a particular concern for entrepreneurship studies. Operationalizing knowledge-based indicators as categorical variables mitigated levels of analysis issues because they maintained relevance across levels. Findings suggested that definite statements indicating what is known to the entrepreneur, as opposed to inferences by observers or researchers, are valuable and suitable for theory building in the field of entrepreneurship.The findings are of functional interest to both entrepreneurs and teachers of entrepreneurship. Implications consist of practical elements, instrumental to the opportunity recognition phenomenon, such as the specific effects of considering multiple potential entrepreneurial ideas before recognizing a particular idea, industry experience, and accessing widely scattered information. Implications also feature instructive aspects, such as the roles of assistance from expert mentors and critical relationships in opportunity recognition as well as the founding of new business ventures. Patrick J. Murphy Dissertation http://works.bepress.com/profpjm/19 http://works.bepress.com/profpjm/19 Sun, 25 Oct 2009 10:28:20 PDT Patrick J. Murphy Book Reviews http://works.bepress.com/profpjm/18 http://works.bepress.com/profpjm/18 Sun, 25 Oct 2009 10:20:13 PDT I n this article we define, validate, and propose a construct of entrepreneurial intensity, or the degree of entrepreneurship in firms. First, in defining the construct, we explore theoretical differences between entrepreneurial intensity and orientation in order to distinguish it. Second, we empirically validate a measure of entrepreneurial intensity using data based on a sample of 563 entrepreneurs. Third, we propose avenues for research on how entrepreneurial intensity distinguishes entrepreneurs and entrepreneurial action. Finally, we detail theoretical implications of using entrepreneurial intensity as an antecedent and outcome. J. Liao Articles and Cases (Peer-reviewed) http://works.bepress.com/profpjm/17 http://works.bepress.com/profpjm/17 Sun, 25 Oct 2009 10:16:27 PDT Purpose – To interpret and explain evolution in entrepreneurial thought, using the application of history to unify the extant and wide-ranging concepts underlying the field to detect a conceptual foundation.Design/methodology/approach – A conceptual approach is taken, the paper undertaking a delineation of how past theory has brought about the field’s current state and an identification of some conceptual areas for future advancement.Findings – The importance and impact of the entrepreneurship field is increasing in academic andpractical settings. A historical view on the conceptual development of entrepreneurial thought provides a lens for scholars as well as practitioners to interpret and explain their own entrepreneurial activity or research and formulate new questions.Originality/value – The paper aids scholars and researchers to interpret and explain entrepreneurial activity. Patrick J. Murphy Articles and Cases (Peer-reviewed) http://works.bepress.com/profpjm/16 http://works.bepress.com/profpjm/16 Sun, 25 Oct 2009 10:11:10 PDT Purpose – The paper seeks to explore lessons in service delivery from an industry that no longer exists. The transatlantic passenger liner dramatizes some of the most unique challenges of service delivery. The ship itself was a delivery mechanism completely separated from support services. Customers were essentially contained for extended periods. Whereas all customers received the same core transportation service, peripheral services varied substantially by service class.Design/methodology/approach – Description of the historical context is followed by examinations of passenger and service provider perspectives to illustrate services expected and delivered. Primary and secondary source material is used to exemplify service management challenges.Findings – Socioeconomic and technological factors played major roles in delivery system design decisions. With stable and loyal workforces and well designed delivery systems, ocean liners were able to deliver service successfully to customer classes with widely varying expectations.Practical implications – Service management on ocean liners occupied a range of levels and intensity not found in current organizational contexts. The context provides modern practitioners pure consideration of complexities and service management implications.Originality/value – The novel and isolated organizational aspects of transatlantic ocean liners is unique among organizations. Examination of service management in this context provides information of original value not available from examination of other kinds of organizations. Patrick J. Murphy Articles and Cases (Peer-reviewed) http://works.bepress.com/profpjm/15 http://works.bepress.com/profpjm/15 Sun, 25 Oct 2009 10:05:53 PDT Whereas discovery is fundamental to entrepreneurship, there is low understanding of how and why some discovered opportunities spread through market systems. We draw from epidemiological theories of how contagious viruses spread through human populations and propose adaptations of epidemic principles to describe venture spread patterns. We profile venture ideas via epidemiological dimensions (contact rate, market size, adoption rate, useful life). Next, we cross-reference those dimensions to entrepreneurial and financier orientation dimensions. Implications are relevant to the strategic decisions of entrepreneurs and investment decisions of financiers. Patrick J. Murphy Conference Proceedings http://works.bepress.com/profpjm/14 http://works.bepress.com/profpjm/14 Sun, 25 Oct 2009 09:57:19 PDT Research has shown that female entrepreneurs face unique barriers to entrepreneurial success, such as procuring funding and being perceived as credible. Limited past theory has addressed how these challenges can be met effectively by female-run entrepreneurial ventures. As a result, effective strategies for female entrepreneurs to overcome them are unclear. To address the need for research in this area, the authors use signalling theory to guide an empirical study utilizing panel study data based on 711 entrepreneurial ventures (334 female-run; 377 male-run). Signals perceived by outsiders pertaining to the risk preference, legitimacy and social capital of female-run ventures are examined and linked to venture funding, net worth and longevity outcomes. The results, based on non-parametric analyses and statistical modelling, suggest that expert capital (social capital from experts) leads to perceptions of higher legitimacy and funding success for female-run ventures. Patrick J. Murphy Articles and Cases (Peer-reviewed) http://works.bepress.com/profpjm/13 http://works.bepress.com/profpjm/13 Sun, 25 Oct 2009 09:03:43 PDT Patrick J. Murphy Articles and Cases (Peer-reviewed) http://works.bepress.com/profpjm/12 http://works.bepress.com/profpjm/12 Sun, 25 Oct 2009 09:01:24 PDT This case study addresses critical aspects of the strategic management decision to be made by Wenzhou Aike Shoes Company, Ltd., a Chinese multinational shoe manufacturer. The specific focus is on Aike’s operations in Elche, Spain. Over a period of several years, upheaval stemming from a multitude of Chinese new entrants to Elche’s revered shoemaking industry reached a flashpoint. The Chinese new entrants run operations significantly differently than the local Elche businesses in terms of daily practices, production, imitation, price competition, and supply chain management. All of these aspects derive from deep cultural differences and are highlighted in the case. Several strategic options, such as foreign partnership, brand acquisition, and exiting Elche are presented for discussion. B. Jiang Articles and Cases (Peer-reviewed) http://works.bepress.com/profpjm/11 http://works.bepress.com/profpjm/11 Sun, 25 Oct 2009 08:52:00 PDT Patrick J. Murphy Book Chapters http://works.bepress.com/profpjm/10 http://works.bepress.com/profpjm/10 Sun, 25 Oct 2009 08:39:50 PDT Despite suggestions that business school professors do not understand what actually accounts for the performance of business organizations, the evidence is anecdotal at best. We review past work, develop expectations, and provide large-scale evidence for examining the validity of such suggestions. We accessed extensive data provided by Dun & Bradstreet and procured detailed information from 765 leading public and private North American businesses. Analysis of 215 closely matched pairs showed that companies with former business school professors as executives generated significantly greater revenues per employee than counterparts with non-former professors as executives. Companies with former professors in vice-president positions had the best performance in the sample, signifying the value of correspondence between academic expertise and functional business area. Companies with executives who had exited academic careers early performed better than companies with late career exit counterparts. The performance of companies with executives who were professors at top-ranked business schools was the same as other companies with executives who were professors at non-ranked business schools. We observed controls to mitigate effects from organization size, industry sector, and geographic location and executed several auxiliary analyses to assess the validity of principal findings. Finally, we interviewed a sub-sample of executive manager participants by telephone and collected qualitative data from them via surveys to further interpret the results and diminish alternative explanations. Our findings suggest that the fashionable idea that business school professors are unable to “walk the walk” is a popular myth. B. Jiang Articles and Cases (Peer-reviewed) http://works.bepress.com/profpjm/9 http://works.bepress.com/profpjm/9 Sun, 25 Oct 2009 08:33:45 PDT Competition and entrepreneurship are driving forces in the development of economic systems. They create jobs, new opportunities to generate value, and lead to the fulfillment of personal career and life goals. As such, it is important to understand the basic economic and cultural factors that influence these activities in developing economies. We undertook a series of analyses in an examination of a heterogeneous sample of economic zones in Southeast Asia. Results illustrate relations between national culture, human development, and business and growth competitiveness. Implications hold that human development and power distance are enablers of entrepreneurial activities in these cultural and national settings. Our contribution is instrumental to development of public policy and regulatory guidelines for facilitating entrepreneurial activity in the developing economies of Southeast Asia. Patrick J. Murphy Articles and Cases (Peer-reviewed) http://works.bepress.com/profpjm/8 http://works.bepress.com/profpjm/8 Thu, 22 Oct 2009 13:59:01 PDT This case examines management underpinnings of conducting socially purposeful business in contexts where the labor conditions and ethics are questionable. Shiraishi Garments Company was a Japanese entrepreneurial venture in the clothing industry that evolved into a highly successful multinational company. After its supply chain had extended into China, some ethical labor issues emerged. The decision point is focused squarely on the company’s CEO, who must deal with conflicting forces stemming from his personal values and professional responsibilities. In exploring the issues, the case illustrates business risks of superficial standards auditing of international operations. The case also describes how multinational firms are often part of the problem and the solution when it comes to ethical labor issues. On these grounds, the case study reveals some alternative approaches to the audit model based on more meaningful partnerships. Implications pertain to successful and ethical supply chain relationships between foreign entrepreneurial firms and the developing economic systems they enter. Bin Jiang Articles and Cases (Peer-reviewed) http://works.bepress.com/profpjm/7 http://works.bepress.com/profpjm/7 Thu, 22 Oct 2009 11:52:31 PDT Patrick J. Murphy Book Chapters http://works.bepress.com/profpjm/5 http://works.bepress.com/profpjm/5 Thu, 22 Oct 2009 11:34:37 PDT Alertness is a key precondition for opportunity recognition. However, models of alertness are still immature because of theoretic ambiguity and wide differences of definitions. This paper tries to re-define the concept of alertness from a perspective of information processing in terms of accumulation, transformation, and selection of opportunity-relevant information. It raises an assumption that alertness precedes innovation, while innovation plays a role of intermediary variable to breed business development of new products and services. During the empirical studies, data is collected in the two countries with different cultural backgrounds, and the findings of the hierarchical regression analysis give support to the hypotheses. The contribution of the paper is mainly to the definition and measurement of alertness in entrepreneurship theory. It also discusses the intermediary function of technical innovation in entrepreneurial alertness and in new product/service development. Ren Hong Zhu Articles and Cases (Peer-reviewed) http://works.bepress.com/profpjm/4 http://works.bepress.com/profpjm/4 Thu, 22 Oct 2009 11:01:04 PDT Purpose: Guided by voice and leadership theory, we articulate the underpinnings of upward defiance (competence deficiency; ignorance of concerns; structural gaps between echelons) and describe the managerial actions that help depose those underpinnings. Design / Methodology / Approach: We analyze 30 historic narrative accounts of actual mutinies. The journalistic accounts from bygone eras provide unparalleled insight into the basic dynamics of mutiny and provide novel insights into organizational defiance. Findings: Our principal findings show that the underpinnings of mutiny in organizations derive from three foundations: disconnections between authority echelons, modes of addressing member disgruntlement, and the need for management to develop competencies continuous. Originality / value: We go beyond reports of mutinies in the popular press and lore by applying our findings to modern organizations. Ray W. Coye Articles and Cases (Peer-reviewed) http://works.bepress.com/profpjm/3 http://works.bepress.com/profpjm/3 Thu, 22 Oct 2009 10:39:08 PDT Purpose – The author applies methodological concepts from The Poverty of Historicism to contemporary research in the area of entrepreneurship. This paper aims to explain why current theoretic models do not adequately explain entrepreneurial phenomena and to present outlines of adistinct entrepreneurship research paradigm. Design/methodology/approach – The author examines the essay from the perspective of a historian and then summarizes its concepts. Next, the author reviews the current state of entrepreneurship research and theory and applies concepts from the essay to its contemporarychallenges. Finally, the author presents five implications. Findings – The five implications are that entrepreneurship research should include designs that predict failure, strive to develop theory that is distinct from other areas, emphasize novel arrangements of empirical elements that are also novel, utilize nonparametric statistics and casestudies more fully, and push for a paradigmatic shift. Originality/value – The contribution of this paper is useful to entrepreneurship scholars interested in developing and distinguishing their research area in a substantial and lasting way alongside other established research areas in the domain of business studies. Patrick J. Murphy Articles and Cases (Peer-reviewed)