During the second half of the twentieth century, the globalization movement transformed the nature of comparative research in education. The United Nations Organization and its agency UNESCO, promoting cooperation among nations through education, science, and culture, led this development through ‘Education for All’ and the integration of organizational, international, comparative, and global approaches to education. The conduct of educational research worldwide has been greatly influenced by the International Association for the Evaluation of Educational Achievement through the monitoring of educational outcomes and the introduction of systemic and modeling approaches to research in education leading to evidence-based making of educational policy.