The article discusses the epidemiology and etiology of chronic nonspecific low back pain (CNSLBP) as well as exercise effects, benefits, and goals. Persons exhibiting CNSLBP experience lower physical activity (PA) levels, physical functioning, and physical fitness. Experts note that pain may or may not be caused by a specific spine pathology. Aerobic and resistance training programs have been proven to increase PA tolerance, fitness, and health-related quality of life.