Sleep disorders (SDs) are present in approximately 30% of the world population and are associated with prolific health problems. Researchers are beginning to examine relationships shared by SDs and diabetes to illuminate relevant covariance. The extent of these relationships has been constrained by difficulty in acquiring valid data from people whose diagnoses are based on a complete nocturnal polysomnography (NP) and multiple sleep latency tests (MSLT). We constructed an 111-item questionnaire to use in conjunction with nocturnal polysomnography studies (NPS), multiple sleep latency tests, the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), and medical chart reviews of people referred for evaluation of SDs. We analyzed data from 658 people (290 female, 368 males). 101 had a history of diabetes and were diagnosed with SDs. Analyses of the diabetes versus no diabetes groups provided characterizations of those with SD and diabetes. For example, comparisons of the groups during NPS revealed significant differences in prevalence of diagnoses of poor sleep efficiency and nocturnal hypoxemia. People with diabetes had higher BMI; slept fewer hours; spent more time in stage 1 sleep and less in stages 3 and 4; reported greater incidents of pain, depression, high blood pressure, heart failure, heart attack, chronic lung disease, thyroid disease, stroke, and bed wetting. Utilizing the information gathered in this study, we strive to identify variables of diabetes risks and predictors associated with SD which can aid in the contribution of facilitating prevention, early diagnosis, and effective treatment modalities.