Argostóli, a Venetian new town on the Ionian Island of Kefallinía, provides an example of how architecture is shaped by cultural factors. Relevant factors in the context of the Venetian occupation of Kefallinía are the political, economic, social, and ecclesiastical ones. From 1500until 1797, Kefallinía and the other Ionian Islands remained a Venetian colony. During these three centuries the Islands formed the boundary between the eastern and western worlds. While most of Greece fell under Turkish rule, the Ionian Islands were exposed to western culture through Venice. Argostóli became the new capital in 1757. The new colonial capital had no town plan spreading in a linear form along the shoreline that became lined with warehouses, quays, and the mansions of prominent residents. Venetian architecture of the palazzetti, of Venezia Minore, and of the small towns in the Veneto, is the architecture relevant to colonial towns such as Argostóli. The public, ecclesiastical, and residential architectures of Argostóli during the Venetian period are discussed and analyzed in relation to influencing cultural factors. While Venice's heritage is identified, the characteristics that distinguished the local architecture are also recognized.