In this chapter I discuss how the law protects freedom of religion in Australia. While as is well known there is no overarching “Bill of Rights” in operation in Australia, protection of this “fundamental right” takes place, even in a fragmented way, under a number of laws. The paper considers the protection provided by the Constitution of Australia, the impact of international treaties, the effect of the common law, domestic charters in specific States, and the “balancing” provisions of discrimination legislation.