My first book, Jews and Heretics in Catholic Poland: A Beleaguered Church in the Post Reformation Era (Cambridge University Press, 2006, pbk 2009), introduced Jews into a traditional Polish narrative of post-Reformation Poland that had been grounded in a Catholic-Protestant dichotomy, allowing me to reposition the role of Jews and other non-Catholics in multicultural Poland in a completely new way. My approach has broadened the context of Poland’s religious history and has revealed the superficiality of the re-Catholicization of the ruling elites, whose economic interests triumphed over their religious loyalties, challenging the view of the “triumph of the Counter-Reformation” in Poland.