Life participation approaches to aphasia (LPAA) treatment are predicated on a philosophy that views a person with aphasia within a holistic social milieu. The LPAA model is a success-oriented, client-centered, activity-based intervention model designed to optimize the experiences of individuals with aphasia to improve their quality of life. Adult learning theories align well with this approach. Adult learning theories place much of the responsibility for learning on learners themselves. Furthermore, adult learning theories promote the idea that adult learners are motivated and learn best when self-directed to achieve a personally meaningful outcome. This article describes the alignment of LPAA with adult learning theory and shows how it may contribute to the success of the LPAA approach to treatment.