This case involves an important decision of the Grand Chamber of the Court of Justice of the EU (CJEU) in relation to when Member States may refuse benefits to non-nationals who do not have a right of residence under EU law. The Court held that Article 24(1) of Directive 2004/38/EC on the right of citizens of the Union and their family members to move and reside freely within the territory of the Member States and Article 4 of Regulation No 883/2004 did not preclude a national law under which nationals of other Member States are excluded from entitlement to certain ‘special non-contributory cash benefits’ under Regulation 883/2004 on the coordination of social security systems, although those benefits are granted to nationals of the host Member State in the same situation, in so far as those nationals of other Member States do not have a right of residence under Directive 2004/38 in the host Member State.