Contribution to Book
Science, Technology and Innovation (STI) Policy for Sustainable Development
Encyclopedia of the UN Sustainable Development Goals
(2020)
Abstract
Definition
Universally, as a key and essential driver of accomplishing the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), Science, Technology and Innovation (STI) are recognized as a fundamental ingredients (Anand and Kedia 2015). There is a growing appreciation that in a multifarious ways, STI can drive inclusive growth and sustainable development. To construct an appropriate environment for STI to contribute its role to sustainable development, STI policy began taking an explicit form in the 1960s as a means for increasing the competitiveness of economies, while including also mission-oriented programs in defense, space, or transport, among others fields. Initially inspired by a linear, science-push, model of the innovation process, policies have become more complex over the years, recognizing the diversity of factors and actors that intervene in the process. The notion of “innovation systems”, formulated in the late 1980s, has provided the conceptual basis of STI policies since then (UNCTAD 2019).
Lundvall and Borrás (2004) argued thatscience, technology and innovation policies individually target diverse features of the system and it is important to understand their key features before conceptualization. Such as, the aim of science policies is to ensure an adequate resources for science. While, the focus of technology policies is mainly on particular sectors and technologies which are measured tactical for the country (Chaminade and Padilla-Pérez 2014). Nelson (1994) finally define innovation policies as a more holistic type of policy, by which science and technologies come together in a special way.Lundvall et al. (2009) arguedthat they all target the innovation system and intrinsically they cannot be disentangled from each other, as they are both sides of the same coin. Fig.1 depicted the relationship between them.
Therefore, STI policies are referred to as a set, which means that, although they have indeed expanded on a different nature and specific ecosystems, they can be considered in a continuum towards commercialization from an innovative knowledge (United Nations, 2015). Simultaneously, STI policies refers to the creation of new products and processes along with their expansion and application, can drive the economic frontier outward as well as assist to decoupling growth momentum from the depletion of natural resources (OECD 2010).
Keywords
- Ingredients,
- tactical,
- integrate,
- interactive,
- transformative,
- Science,
- Technology and Innovation (STI) Policy,
- Sustainable Development
Disciplines
Publication Date
2020
Editor
Leal Filho W., Azul A., Brandli L., Lange Salvia A., Wall T.
ISBN
978-3-319-71057-0
DOI
10.1007/978-3-319-71057-0_59-1
Citation Information
Aktar, M.A., Harun, M.B., Alam, M.M. (2020). Science, Technology and Innovation (STI) Policy for Sustainable Development. In: Leal Filho W., Azul A., Brandli L., Lange Salvia A., Wall T. (eds) Affordable and Clean Energy. Encyclopedia of the UN Sustainable Development Goals. Springer, Cham. ISBN: 978-3-319-71057-0. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-71057-0_59-1