These results show that diversified LEI systems can produce yields and profits that match or exceed those obtained from conventionally managed corn-soybean systems. Additionally, we learned that ecological processes such as weed seed consumption by rodents and insects can promote effective weed control in LEI systems, while allowing substantial reductions in herbicide use. Weed seed losses to rodents and insects can be enhanced by delaying tillage operations to leave seeds on the soil surface for as long as possible.