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Multiple sclerosis is considered a disease of myelin destruction; Parkinson's disease (PD), one of dopaminergic...
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Investigating focal cerebral ischemia requires animal models that are relevant to human...
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) with the use of the suture...
Monocytes are recruited to active sites of multiple sclerosis (MS) demyelination and may promote local...
Fatigue is a common symptom of multiple sclerosis (MS) that is without an effective treatment....
Lipid-laden macrophages, which are predominantly derived from blood monocytes, are present at sites of active...
We found a small but statistically significant reduction in the linoleic acid concentration of white...
The occurrence of muscular atrophy in multiple sclerosis (MS) has been considered unusual and classically...
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The relation between recovery of brain function and neurological status after clinical...
The association between recovery of brain function and behavior after transient cerebral ischemia in animals...
High-resolution diffusion- (DWI) and perfusion-weighted (PWI) imaging may provide substantial benefits in accurate delineation of...
Combined functional, perfusion and diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with a temporal resolution of 30...
Ischemic brain injury can be anticipated in a number of clinical settings such as procedures...
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Statins reduce the risk of stroke recurrence, but the benefits of statins...
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The utility of parenteral anticoagulation therapy in acute ischemic stroke has engendered...
The utility of diagnostic imaging during the critical first few hours after stroke onset has...
Fibrinolytic therapy may be effective in the treatment of ischemic stroke, and clinical trials are...
Tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), an approved coronary thrombolytic agent, can cause serious bleeding. We report...
Early fibrinolytic therapy with full molecular tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) has been observed to be...
Two cases of hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) with neurological involvement are presented. One patient had...
An algorithm was developed to statistically predict ischemic tissue fate on a pixel-by-pixel basis. Quantitative...
Cortical spreading depression (CSD) was visualized using manganese-enhanced MRI (MEMRI) following topical application of KCl...
A method is demonstrated for the noninvasive detection and study of spreading cortical depression. Spreading...
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Stroke is the second most common cause of death and major cause of disability worldwide....
Although acute myocardial infarction (MI) and acute ischemic stroke share similarities, physicians need to recognize...
It is increasingly clear that even a small reduction in blood pressure results in a...
Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) remains a devastating neurological disorder, which most commonly develops after rupture of...
The management of patients with cerebrovascular ischemic disease (ICD) is rapidly changing due to newer...
We present a family with infantile onset of progressive choreoathetosis. The movements affected the legs...
The current status of thrombolytic therapy approved by the US Food and Drug Administration is...
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BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The early ischemic lesions demonstrated by diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) are potentially reversible....
In a rat embolic stroke (eMCAO) model, the effects of 100% normobaric hyperoxia (NBO) with...
Almost no data is available on the serial changes in the brain after spectacular shrinking...
The effects of reperfusion on the spatiotemporal dynamics of transient (60 minutes) focal ischemic brain...
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Gavestinel, GV150526, is a selective antagonist at the glycine site of the...
The effective treatment of acute ischemic stroke remains an important goal of modern medicine and...
The development of acute stroke therapies has yielded only limited success and many failures in...
The acute evaluation of stroke patients has undergone dramatic advances in the recent past. The...
Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and perfusion-weighted imaging (PWI) can rapidly detect lesions in acute ischemic stroke...
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) is a promising stroke drug candidate. The present...
Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) has a variety of biological actions that suggest efficacy as a neuroprotectant....
NGF (nerve growth factor) and BDNF (brain-derived neurotrophic factor) are protein molecules (MW 26 and...
OBJECTIVE: To explore the utility of intravenous (i.v.) prourokinase treatment, we compared intra-arterial (i.a.) and...
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Spreading depressions (SDs) occur in experimental focal ischemia and contribute to lesion...
Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) is a polypeptide that supports the survival of brain cells...
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The competitive N-methyl-D-aspartate antagonist MDL-100,453 was used to determine whether a neuroprotective...
All prior drug development programs of neuroprotective agents were unsuccessful for a variety of reasons...
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Despite a paucity of evidence supporting a true association of ischemic stroke...
Data from the European Cooperative Acute Stroke Study (ECASS) III trial demonstrated that tissue plasminogen...
Stroke is a leading cause of disability and death in many countries. Understanding the pathophysiology...
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) is used clinically to attenuate neutropenia after chemotherapy....
The use of the only proven therapy for acute ischemic stroke, intravenous tissue plasminogen activator...
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Discovering potential cardiac sources of stroke is an important part of the...
Stroke is no longer an untreatable condition, and its management is changing rapidly as new...
The initial Stroke Therapy Academic Industry Roundtable (STAIR) recommendations published in 1999 were intended to...
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: We hypothesized that transcranial laser therapy (TLT) can use near-infrared laser technology...
Published in: Bornstein NM (editor), Stroke: Practical Implications for Clinicians, Basel: Karger, 2009, p.24-36. ISBN...
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Numerous neuroprotective agents have proven effective in animal stroke studies, but every...
Acute ischemic stroke (AIS) is a common disorder that has only one associated approved therapy:...
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The NeuroThera Effectiveness and Safety Trial-1 (NEST-1) study evaluated the safety and...
Normobaric hyperoxia (NBO) has been shown to extend the reperfusion window after focal cerebral ischemia....
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Many advances have occurred regarding an increased understanding of the basic pathophysiology of ischemic brain...
After years of setbacks, the perspective of neuroprotective stroke therapy has revived in light of...
The numerous large-scale randomized clinical trials performed during the last decade on either unfractionated heparin,...
The potential neuroprotective effects of VELCADE were investigated in two different models of focal cerebral...
The secondary prevention of ischemic stroke is aided by the use of antiplatelet therapy, and...
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Interstrain differences in the temporal evolution of ischemia after middle cerebral artery...
BACKGROUND: Previous Stroke Therapy Academic Industry Roundtable (STAIR) meetings focused on preclinical evidence of drug...
Partial-volume effects (PVE) in stroke imaging could hinder proper delineation of normal, ischemic, and at-risk...
High-resolution (200 x 200 x 1,500 microm3) imaging was performed to derive quantitative cerebral blood...
Stroke lesion-volume estimates derived from calculated water apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) maps provide a quantitative...
The concept of the ischemic penumbra is an important one for both basic investigators of...
Pixel-by-pixel spatiotemporal progression of focal ischemia (permanent occlusion) in rats was investigated using quantitative perfusion...
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The suture middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model is widely used for...
No abstract provided.
Selective intracellular (IC) and extracellular (EC) brain water apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values were measured...
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Initially decreased apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values are reversible if reperfusion is...
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The apparent diffusion coefficient of water (ADC) rapidly drops in ischemic tissue...
This second edition covers developments in the field regarding effective therapy for cerebrovascular disorders. It...
Cation channels conduct calcium, sodium and potassium, cations that are likely deleterious in the evolution...
OBJECTIVE: Ischemic lesions seen on diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) are reversible if reperfusion is performed within...
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The intraluminal suture middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model is increasingly used...
Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and perfusion imaging (PI) are two new magnetic resonance technologies that are...
Anthithrombotic therapy is widely used as primary and secondary preventative treatment for ischemic cerebrovascular disease....
Multispectral (MS) analysis was used to determine the ischemic lesion volume in the rat brain...
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: In-bore middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) enables investigators to acquire preischemic MRI...
The best technical approach to rat middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) using a nylon-monofilament suture...
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The glycine site on the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor complex offers a therapeutic...
Acute ischemic stroke therapy has two basic therapies, dissolving the intravascular occlusion by thrombolytic therapy...
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) has documented neuroprotective properties. This study was...
Hematological disorders underlie a small proportion of all ischemic strokes. The association of these coagulation...
Therapy for stroke is undergoing major changes. Many of the changes parallel the advances made...
This study investigated the role of spontaneous and induced spreading depression (SD) on the evolution...
Using echo planar diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging, we measured three-dimensional changes in the apparent diffusion...
Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWI) can quantitatively demonstrate cerebral ischemia within minutes after the onset...
Acute ischemic stroke remains without an effective therapy to improve outcome. As knowledge about the...
The reduction of the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) of water shortly after a focal ischemic...
To identify the temperature dependent change of the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) of water in...
Diffusion-weighted, echo-planar imaging (EPI) was used to map regional changes in the apparent diffusion coefficient...
Acute ischemic stroke is a common, devastating disorder without beneficial therapy. Recent advances concerning the...
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWI) can quantitatively display focal brain abnormalities within...
We examined serial changes of diffusion- (DWI) and T2-weighted (T2WI) magnetic resonance images 30 minutes...
The lupus anticoagulant, an acquired immunoglobulin associated with an increased tendency for thrombosis, has been...
Mitral valve prolapse (MVP) is a common frequently inherited cardiac valvular disorder. Ischemic cerebrovascular disease...
Despite the many studies of the middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model, efficient therapy for...
BACKGROUND: Thrombolysis remains the only proven therapy to benefit acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients. Recent...
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The SAINT I trial that showed a significant benefit of the neuroprotectant...
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Clinical trials are assessing the efficacy of fibrinolysis in extended time windows...
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The aim of the Synergium was to devise and prioritize new ways...
The Stroke Therapy Academic Industry Roundtable (STAIR) meetings focus on helping to advance the development...
Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) have an increased risk for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality....
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: As a research community, we have failed to demonstrate that drugs which...
The risk of recurrent stroke in patients who have suffered a prior stroke or transient...
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Stroke has global importance and it causes an increasing amount of human...
The concept of neuroprotective therapy for acute ischemic stroke to salvage tissue at risk and...
Stroke is a major public health concern with few positive phase III clinical trials and...
BACKGROUND: The development of acute stroke therapy has proven to be a daunting task, with...
The development of additional acute stroke therapies to complement and supplement intravenous recombinant tissue-type plasminogen...
The authors discuss recent developments in neuroimaging and their role in the evaluation of patients...
BACKGROUND: The development of effective therapies for acute ischemic stroke presumes the existence of potentially...
Syringomyelia is characterized by a longitudinal cavity or several cavities in the spinal cord, and...
In this editorial, we present some of the important issues facing those who design and...
BACKGROUND: Treatments for acute ischemic stroke have evolved as knowledge about the pathophysiology of ischemic...
We treated a case of iatrogenic hypermagnesemia that clinically mimicked a central brain-stem herniation syndrome....
Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging of acute stroke has made important contributions to diagnosis. Several novel...
Oxygen free radicals generated by leukocytes may contribute to tissue injury after central nervous system...
Oxidation of low density lipoprotein (LDL) leads to more rapid uptake by arterial wall macrophages...
A 26-year-old woman had a peripartum venous thrombotic stroke involving the right parietal lobe. The...
The pathogenesis of atherosclerosis has been extensively studied and the cellular aspects increasingly characterized. This...
Leukocytes recruited to regions of focal cerebral ischemia may contribute to tissue injury by their...
Atherosclerosis, the primary pathological condition accounting for most stroke syndromes, has been the intense focus...
Enhanced dietary omega-3 fatty acid consumption is thought to be associated with a reduced incidence...
Acute pure motor hemiparesis is a clinical syndrome of isolated hemiparesis usually related to lacunar...
The risk of embolic stroke during sick sinus syndrome before cardiac pacemaker insertion is substantial,...
Pure motor hemiplegia is the most commonly encountered lacunar syndrome and is classically associated with...
The event or mechanism that causes an asymptomatic atherosclerotic carotid artery to become symptomatic remains...
Peripheral mononeuropathies may complicate distal arteriovenous fistulas for chronic renal dialysis. We observed three diabetic...
Polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNLs) are an important contributor to inflammation and are thus a part of...
Vegetarians have an apparent diminished risk for the development of ischemic coronary heart disease. This...
Transient focal cerebral ischemia may occasionally be due to distal embolization of a clot from...
Three patients had status epilepticus appearing de novo as the presenting manifestation of Epstein-Barr virus...
Neurologic complications in patients with Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia (HHT) occur as a consequence of a...
Mitral valve prolapse (MVP) is a predisposing factor for cerebral ischemia, especially in young adults....
Platelet activation is assumed to occur in many patients with strokes of transient ischemic attacks...
Intramedullary spinal cord metastases are rarely the presenting manifestation of a previously undiagnosed neoplasms. We...
Platelet factor 4 (PF4), the platelet antiheparin protein, was isolated from both the supernatant and...
Acute bilateral weakness of the extremities with weakness of the tongue classically signals a medullary...
Few reports have described an association between cerebral transient ischemic attacks (TIAs) and unruptured cerebral...
The value of continuous long-term ECG monitoring in patients with transient generalized neurological symptoms is...
A 58-year-old man was admitted with a progressive, subacute asymmetrical paraparesis. The patient denied a...
Differences among models in the temporal evolution of ischemia after middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO)...
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Endothelins (ETs) are potent vasoconstrictors. Plasma ET levels increase during acute brain...
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provides insights into the dynamics of focal cerebral ischemia. Usually, experimental...
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Brain edema is a life-threatening consequence of stroke and leads to an...
Isolated cortical subarachnoid hemorrhage is rare and poorly understood. Differential diagnoses and proposed pathophysiology vary...
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of reperfusion...
Investigating focal cerebral ischaemia requires animal models that are relevant to human stroke. This study...
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Cerebral white matter is as sensitive as gray matter to ischemic injury...
Twenty-two rats were subjected to 8, 15, 30, or 60 minutes of temporary middle cerebral...
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and citicoline (cytidine 5'-diphosphate choline, an endogenous...
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Brain ischemia is associated with a marked increase in extracellular adenosine levels....
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Citicoline, a naturally occurring precursor of phosphatidylcholine, is neuroprotective and is currently...
We used spectral electroencephalographic (EEG) analysis to demonstrate the physiological effect of focal brain ischaemia...
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can quantitatively detect focal ischemic injury within...
We employed diffusion-weighted MRI (DWI) to identify regions of focal brain ischemia during the first...
Advances in the field of cerebrovascular medicine occur at a rapid pace. The fourth edition...
No abstract available.
Intravenous administration of tissue plasminogen activator immediately after the injection of numerous small blood clots...
Antiplatelet drugs as exemplified by aspirin are used frequently to prevent stroke. Aspirin inhibits the...
Perfusion imaging is crucial in imaging of ischemic stroke to determine 'tissue at risk' for...
Though diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) is frequently used for identifying the ischemic lesion in focal...
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF) is increasingly used to assess adequate occlusion after...
Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors are currently in human clinical trials as antitumor drugs because of...
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Stimulation of the nerves traversing the ethmoidal foramen (including postsynaptic, parasympathetic projections...
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Differences among models in the temporal evolution of ischemia after middle cerebral...
This study was designed to characterize the initial and secondary changes of the apparent diffusion...
Sixteen of 24 Sprague-Dawley rats with permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion for 24 hours were...
The effects of carvedilol, a vasodilating beta-blocker with antioxidant activity, and nifedipine, a calcium channel...
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to determine the effects of temporary...
Inflammatory cell-mediated myelin injury may be an important cause of tissue damage in both acute...
We studied the effects of clentiazem, a calcium channel blocker (1) on the accumulation of...
This reference work covers every major methodology and disease model used in current neuroscience research....
We studied the effect of cod-liver oil on the development and progression of coronary artery...
Because there is no background signal from xenon in biological tissue, and because inhaled xenon...
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provides non-invasive information about the brain's blood flow, water movement and...
The first of three volumes on stroke in the Handbook of Clinical Neurology covering historical...
The second of three volumes on stroke in the Handbook of Clinical Neurology series covering...
The third of three volumes on stroke in the Handbook of Clinical Neurology series covering...
We describe a model of thromboembolic stroke in rabbits that utilizes the Seldinger technique and...
Thrombolysis with tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) has been used to treat myocardial infarction and pulmonary...
Background—Anticoagulation with warfarin is an important therapy for preventing strokes in patients with atrial fibrillation...
OBJECTIVE: The relationship between cerebral integrity, recovery of brain function, and neurologic status after mild...