Only two descriptions of fiddle tuning survive from before the fifteenth century: one by Jerome of Moravia, Paris, ca. 1280; and the other by Jean Vaillant (?), Paris, fourteenth century. Both treatises have been edited by Christopher Page. The tunings in the Jean Vaillant (?) treatise are probably designed for plucked stringed instruments (Remnant 67), especially since the tunings would be inappropriate for a flat-bridged instrument and inconvenient for a curved-bridged instrument.