The production of corn-based ethanol in the U.S. is dramatically increasing, and consequently so is the quantity of byproduct materials generated from this processing sector. These coproduct streams are currently solely utilized as livestock feed, which is a route that provides ethanol processors with a substantial revenue source and significantly increases the profitability of the production process. With the construction and operation of many new plants in recent years, these residuals do, however, have much potential for value-added processing and utilization in the human food sector as well. This option holds promise of economic benefit for corn processors, especially if the livestock feed market eventually becomes saturated with byproduct feeds. Because information concerning ethanol byproduct materials is somewhat disparate outside the livestock arena, the objective of this study is to fully review the existing literature base regarding the utilization of these residual streams as human foods, or components thereof, so that researchers can have a common resource from which to pursue this avenue of value-added byproduct development.