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Reward enhances tic suppression in children within months of tic disorder onset
Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience (2015)
  • Deanna J Greene, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis
  • Jonathan M Koller, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis
  • Amy Robichaux-Viehoever, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis
  • Emily C Bihun, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis
  • Bradley L Schlaggar, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis
  • Kevin J Black, Washington University School of Medicine
Abstract

Tic disorders are childhood onset neuropsychiatric disorders characterized by motor and/or vocal tics. Research has demonstrated that children with chronic tics (including Tourette syndrome and Chronic Tic Disorder: TS/CTD) can suppress tics, particularly when an immediate, contingent reward is given for successful tic suppression. As a diagnosis of TS/CTD requires tics to be present for at least one year, children in these tic suppression studies had been living with tics for quite some time. Thus, it is unclear whether the ability to inhibit tics is learned over time or present at tic onset. Resolving that issue would inform theories of how tics develop and how behavior therapy for tics works. We investigated tic suppression in school-age children as close to the time of tic onset as possible, and no later than six months after onset. Children were asked to suppress their tics both in the presence and absence of a contingent reward. Results demonstrated that these children, like children with TS/CTD, have some capacity to suppress tics, and that immediate reward enhances that capacity. These findings demonstrate that the modulating effect of reward on inhibitory control of tics is present within months of tic onset, before tics have become chronic.

Keywords
  • Tourette syndrome,
  • tics,
  • suppression,
  • reward,
  • reinforcement,
  • inhibitory control
Publication Date
February, 2015
Publisher Statement
© 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license. When citing the article's electronic version, please include doi: 10.1016/j.dcn.2014.08.005.
Citation Information
Deanna J Greene, Jonathan M Koller, Amy Robichaux-Viehoever, Emily C Bihun, et al.. "Reward enhances tic suppression in children within months of tic disorder onset" Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience Vol. 11 (2015)
Available at: http://works.bepress.com/kjb/41/