Predictors of psychological well-being and depression in HIV-infected women

R.L. Sowells
B.F. Seals
Kenneth D. Phillips, University of South Carolina

Abstract

As women infected with HIV live longer, understanding predictors of psychological well-being are critical to providing optimal care. Psychological well-being has been previously associated with adherence to medication, better self-care and high quality of life yet the predictors of psychological well-being over time are not well understood. The purpose of this study is to identify predictors of psychological well-being over the course of three years in a cohort of HIV-infected women. Methods: This study used path analysis via logistic and multiple regression to analyze predictors across three time points. Women (baseline n=322; final n=192) participating in a larger, longitudinal study of childbearing, comprised the sample. Participants were predominantly single (82%), African-American (87%), ranging in age from 17-49 years (M=30.1), and having annual incomes less than $10,000 (65%). Results: Consistent predictors of both psychological well-being (model R-square=.353, F=14.067, p<.000) and, conversely, depression (model R-square=.280, F=14.785, p<.000) were Barriers to Services (well-being beta=-.211, p<.000; depression beta=.148, p< .050), Having a Paid Job (well-being beta=.164, p<.050; depression beta=-.250, p<.000), and Hope (well-being beta=.407, p<.000; depression beta=-.298, p<.000). Independent predictors of Psychological Well-Being were Emotional Support (well-being beta=-.245, p<.050) and Active Coping (well-being beta=.161, p<.050). An independent predictor of Depression was Passive Coping (depression beta=.172, p<.050). Conclusions: Treatment of women with HIV-infection requires strategies that promote active coping, emotional support, and access to healthcare services to fully support women's well being and maximize their health.