This chapter reviews trends and issues associated with policies and practices related to curriculum and staff development for integrating ICT in teaching and learning in schools in Australia. The chapter includes a broad overview of the structure and nature of Australia's education system and presents an overview of primary and secondary schooling, government and non-government schools, assessment and monitoring of student achievement, and teachers. The next section addresses ICT in education policies and examines: national goals for schooling; ICT competencies of teachers and leaders; ICT infrastructure; digital resources; networked resources and information gateways. Following this are sections on ICT and students including information on the use of computers by Australian students; ICT and assessment; and ICT and educational practice. The author states: 'The use of ICT in Australian schools has expanded substantially over the past 5 years. There has been a substantial growth in the provision of computer hardware in schools, and (perhaps more importantly) an improvement in the connections that schools have to Internet resources. There have been developments in the ways in which teachers are supported in their use of ICT, and in measuring student expertise in the use of ICT. However, challenges remain in identifying the outcomes of ICT implementation and provision, especially in terms of what students experience from accessing ICT in schools'.