Bullying is the most common form of violence in schools and has been shown to disrupt the emotional and social development of both the targets and the perpetrators of bullying (Raskauskas & Stoltz, 2007). Bullying can be physical, verbal, relational, and direct or indirect. There are well-established age and sex trends (Olweus, 1993; Smith, Madsen, & Moody, 1999). There has been considerable research on bullying-prevention programs and scholarship on best-practice guidelines for school social workers (Dupper, 2013). An emerging concern is with the use of electronic and Internet devices in bullying, referred to as “cyberbullying.” In this article we define bullying and cyberbullying; discuss risk factors associated with being a bully, a victim, and a bully-victim; describe prevention and intervention programs; and discuss emerging trends in both bullying and cyberbullying.
© National Association of Social Workers and Oxford University Press 2016
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Author Posting. © National Association of Social Workers and Oxford University Press 2016. This chapter is posted here by permission of the National Association of Social Workers and Oxford University Press for personal use, not for redistribution. The chapter was published in the Encyclopedia of Social Work, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780199975839.013.862