Jane Grassley Copyright (c) 2013 All rights reserved. http://works.bepress.com/jane_grassley Recent documents in Jane Grassley en-us Sun, 05 May 2013 01:35:13 PDT 3600 African American Women and Breastfeeding: An Integrative Literature Review http://works.bepress.com/jane_grassley/17 http://works.bepress.com/jane_grassley/17 Fri, 03 May 2013 10:45:26 PDT The purpose of this article is to present a review of literature regarding factors that influence breastfeeding intentions, initiation, and duration in the African American population. Research related to health disparities experienced by African Americans in the United States, as well as research regarding the protective benefits of breastfeeding for those specific health disparities, are also presented. Community and institutional interventions and promotional campaigns aimed at increasing initiation and duration of breastfeeding in the African American population are discussed. Future research regarding African American women's breastfeeding experiences using Black feminist thought as a theoretical foundation is recommended.

]]> Becky S. Spencer et al. A Grandmothers' Tea: Evaluation of a Breastfeeding Support Intervention http://works.bepress.com/jane_grassley/16 http://works.bepress.com/jane_grassley/16 Fri, 15 Feb 2013 13:35:23 PST This study's purpose was to evaluate an intervention to facilitate grandmothers' knowledge and support of breastfeeding. A pilot study with a quasi-experimental two-group posttest design was used to evaluate whether the intervention made a difference in grandmothers' knowledge, attitudes, and intent to recommend breastfeeding. The 26 grandmothers in the intervention group attended A Grandmothers' Tea program; the 23 grandmothers in the control group received written information. The intervention group had greater posttest knowledge scores than the control group but had no significant differences in attitudes or intent. However, a significant difference was evident between the attitude scores of grandmothers who breastfed their infants and of grandmothers who did not breastfeed their infants regardless of receiving the intervention.

]]> Jane S. Grassley et al. The Development and Psychometric Testing of the Supportive Needs of Adolescents Breastfeeding Scale http://works.bepress.com/jane_grassley/15 http://works.bepress.com/jane_grassley/15 Fri, 15 Feb 2013 13:35:22 PST Aim. To report the development and psychometric testing of the Supportive Needs of Adolescents Breastfeeding Scale.

Background. Nurses worldwide can influence adolescent mothers' decisions to initiate and continue breastfeeding through understanding their social support needs in the early postpartum. Review of the literature reveals a lack of instruments that measure adolescents' perceptions of supportive nursing behaviours when initiating breastfeeding.

Method. An instrument development and psychometric evaluation study was conducted. In phase 1, scale items were developed from the literature using social support theory. Eight lactation consultants evaluated the scale's content validity in phase 2. During phase 3, the psychometric properties of the scale were tested using item analysis, scale reliability, and exploratory factor analysis. A convenience sample of 101 adolescents, aged 15–20 years old, was recruited during their postpartum stay at three hospitals in the USA between July 2009–July 2010.

Results. Content validity index was 0·82. Alpha estimate of internal consistency was 0·83. Principal components analysis resulted in a 3 factor scale that explained 48% of the total variance: Practical support, Informational support and Miscellaneous.

Conclusion. The findings suggest evidence of the scale's adequate internal consistency. The factor analysis suggests two clear underlying dimensions of support: instrumental/emotional/appraisal and informational/emotional/appraisal, and a third miscellaneous dimension related to immediate skin-to-skin care and mothers' support persons. Further exploration of the possible global implications of the scale's dimensions is needed.

]]> Jane S. Grassley et al. The Lived Experience of Giving Spiritual Care: A Phenomenological Study of Nephrology Nurses Working in Acute and Chronic Hemodialysis Settings http://works.bepress.com/jane_grassley/14 http://works.bepress.com/jane_grassley/14 Thu, 31 Jan 2013 09:55:20 PST The purpose of this study was to explore the lived experiences of nephrology nurses giving spiritual care in acute and chronic hemodialysis settings. Ten nurses were interviewed. Five themes were identified: a) drawing close, b) drawing from the well of my spiritual resources, c), sensing the pain of spiritual distress, d) lacking resources to give spiritual care, and e) giving spiritual care is like diving down deep. The study findings suggest that patients and nurses draw close during the giving of spiritual care, that nurses have spiritual resources they use to prepare for and give spiritual care, and that giving spiritual care can have an emotional cost. These findings have implications for nursing practice, nursing education, and nursing research.

]]> Belinda Deal et al. A Smoking Cessation Website for Childbearing Adolescents http://works.bepress.com/jane_grassley/13 http://works.bepress.com/jane_grassley/13 Fri, 11 May 2012 15:48:12 PDT Smoking during pregnancy or near an infant has potential health risks. Therefore, quality smoking cessation strategies for childbearing adolescents are essential in preventing and ending smoking habits. The S.M.A.S.H Out Cigarettes Website (http://www.smashoutcigarettes.org) combines evidence-based practices from traditional and Web-based smoking cessation programs in an easily accessible tool that offers an alternative approach to smoking cessation specifically designed for childbearing adolescents.

]]> Louise Comer et al. Evaluation of the Supportive Needs of Adolescents During Childbirth Intrapartum Nursing Intervention on Adolescents’ Childbirth Satisfaction and Breastfeeding Rates http://works.bepress.com/jane_grassley/12 http://works.bepress.com/jane_grassley/12 Fri, 11 May 2012 15:48:09 PDT Objective

To evaluate the effect of the Supportive Needs of Adolescents during Childbirth (SNAC) intrapartum nursing intervention on adolescents’ childbirth satisfaction and breastfeeding rates.

Design

Separate sample posttest quasi-experimental.

Setting

A tertiary hospital intrapartum unit.

Participants

A convenience sample of 106 parturient adolescents.

Methods

During Phase 1 the control group received current standard of intrapartum care. During Phase 2, the interventionist nurses provided the SNAC intervention and standard of care to the intervention group.

Results

The t test indicated higher childbirth satisfaction in the intervention group. Chi-square analysis indicated that the intervention group was more likely to breastfeed within the first hour after birth. There was no significant relationship between childbirth satisfaction and breastfeeding at three months and no differences between the groups in breastfeeding rates at hospital discharge and three months.

Conclusions

These results suggest that learning the SNAC intervention may help nurses positively influence adolescents’ childbirth experience and timing of breastfeeding initiation. Replication of the study is needed to further explore whether the intervention can significantly influence breastfeeding duration.

]]> Jane S. Grassley et al. The Value of Listening to Grandmothers' Infant-Feeding Stories http://works.bepress.com/jane_grassley/11 http://works.bepress.com/jane_grassley/11 Fri, 11 May 2012 15:48:06 PDT The purpose of this study was to examine the usefulness of storytelling as a foundation for communicating with grandmothers about breastfeeding. The benefits of storytelling are applied to an analysis of infant-feeding stories that grandmothers told during a focus group study conducted by the authors. Thirty-five grandmothers participated in the study. A qualitative content analysis of the interview transcripts revealed that grandmothers' infant-feeding stories provided insights into the people (characters) and circumstances (setting) that affected their early experiences of infant feeding. By asking grandmothers to tell their stories, health-care professionals may understand the personal and cultural context grandmothers bring to their support of new mothers and facilitate a place for grandmothers' voices to be heard.

]]> Jane S. Grassley et al. Development of the Adolescent Support Model http://works.bepress.com/jane_grassley/10 http://works.bepress.com/jane_grassley/10 Thu, 26 May 2011 15:43:19 PDT Adolescents approach their childbirth and breastfeeding experiences through the lens of their cognitive and psychosocial needs. Developing interventions which facilitate adolescents' childbirth satisfaction and initiation ofbreastfeeding may promote the health of these young mothers and their children through increasing their breastfeeding rates. The authors propose the Adolescent Support Model as a potential framework. Three studies have been conducted to facilitate the model's development. Six theoretical constructs were developed fi^om the findings of these studies. These constructs include the client's perspective, the nurse's perspective, supportive needs of adolescents during childbirth, professional labor support, coping resources, and health outcomes. Although the Adolescent Support Model needs testing and refinement, it can provide a framework for planning and implementing interventions to enhance adolescents' childbirth and early breastfeeding experiences.

]]> Donna J. Sauls et al. Promoting Health Among Childbearing Adolescents and Their Infants http://works.bepress.com/jane_grassley/9 http://works.bepress.com/jane_grassley/9 Mon, 23 May 2011 10:47:00 PDT Jane S. Grassley Adolescent Mothers' Breastfeeding Social Support Needs http://works.bepress.com/jane_grassley/8 http://works.bepress.com/jane_grassley/8 Mon, 23 May 2011 10:46:58 PDT Objective: To define aspects of social support that adolescents need from nurses when initiating breastfeeding in the early postpartum.

Data Sources: MEDLINE and CINAHL databases for years 2000 to 2009.

Data Extraction: Three searches were done using the following subject terms: adolescent mothers and breastfeeding (12 studies), adolescent mothers and breastfeeding and support (24 studies), and breastfeeding and adolescent mothers and attitudes (15 studies). The 18 studies that were chosen for this synthesized review illuminated the dimensions of social support identified by House.

Data Synthesis: The four types of supportive behavior categories identified by House were described in these studies (informational, instrumental, emotional, and appraisal). Esteem support as defined by Sarafino seemed to be synonymous with appraisal support. Many studies identified the importance of network support as a fifth category of supportive behavior in increased breastfeeding duration among adolescents; network support was included in this synthesis. These five types of social support provide a framework for defining supportive nurse behaviors.

Conclusions: Nurses in the early postpartum can promote the long-term health of adolescents and their children through the social support they offer adolescent mothers as they initiate breastfeeding. Network support appears to be essential to adolescents' breastfeeding experiences and needs to be included with informational, instrumental, emotional, and esteem/appraisal support when investigating support for this population. By integrating the five dimensions of social support into their care, nurses play an essential role in providing adolescents with the positive experiences that are so important to establishing breastfeeding.

]]> Jane S. Grassley The Breast-feeding Conversation: A Philosophic Exploration of Support http://works.bepress.com/jane_grassley/7 http://works.bepress.com/jane_grassley/7 Mon, 23 May 2011 10:46:57 PDT Support from others such as family, friends, and healthcare providers is an important aspect of breast-feeding. Nurses can be active participants in improving the health of women and children by offering support to new mothers that facilitates effective breast-feeding and maternal breast-feeding confidence. Most early breast-feeding experiences in the United States take place in a hospital on a maternal-newborn care unit under the supervision of nurses. The quality of these early experiences can influence a woman's decision to breast-feed and how long she chooses to breast-feed.1,2 Greater understanding of how nurses can offer support is needed. This article presents a philosophic inquiry of breast-feeding support through the perspective of Gadamerian hermeneutics.3 It is argued that breast-feeding support is a hermeneutic encounter involving a text (a particular feeding at the breast), conversational partners (a mother, her newborn, and a nurse), and a dialogue that facilitates maternal breast-feeding confidence and effective breast-feeding through interpretation or understanding of the text.

]]> Jane S. Grassley et al. Understanding Maternal Breastfeeding Confidence: A Gadamerian Hermeneutic Analysis of Women's Stories http://works.bepress.com/jane_grassley/6 http://works.bepress.com/jane_grassley/6 Mon, 23 May 2011 10:46:55 PDT Our aim in this Gadamerian hermeneutic study was to understand maternal breastfeeding confidence and its meaning through listening to women's voices describing their experiences within the context of the United States. We asked 13 women, aged 23 to 42 years, who had breastfed a child within the last 2 years to tell us their breastfeeding stories. Women experienced maternal breastfeeding confidence as a dynamic interaction between their expectations, their infant's breastfeeding behavior, and sources of support. They described experiences that enhanced or diminished their confidence. Health professionals can use these findings to plan approaches that promote and support maternal breastfeeding confidence.

]]> Jane S. Grassley et al. Strategies for Using Blogs and Wikis in an Online Course http://works.bepress.com/jane_grassley/5 http://works.bepress.com/jane_grassley/5 Fri, 20 Aug 2010 08:52:43 PDT Jane Grassley et al. A Mother's Guidance: Grandmother Breastfeeding Support for Mothers [podcast] http://works.bepress.com/jane_grassley/4 http://works.bepress.com/jane_grassley/4 Fri, 20 Aug 2010 08:49:31 PDT To talk about her study on grandmothers' breastfeeding support for mothers, Dr Jane Grassley talked to Hamish Holewa for IPP-SHR Podcasts. It was found that a grandmother's own infant feeding practices influenced mothers' decisions to initiate and continue breastfeeding. Open encouragement and support from grandmothers assisted a mother's decision to breastfeed and helped protect the mother from ongoing justification of breastfeeding. This was particularly important in cultures that have sanctions against public breastfeeding and unfriendly breastfeeding workplaces. It was also noted that some grandmothers felt that breastfeeding was a barrier to bonding with the grandbaby, including, being able to feed the baby, allowing the baby to stay overnight and concern for the mothers well being. It was also shown that there were numerous myths that persisted in relation to breastfeeding; including: concern that a mother is not making enough milk, that exclusive breastfeeding did not deliver all dietary requirements and that breastfeeding "just did not work anymore". Practical implications suggests including grandmothers in breastfeeding conversations with health professionals, encouraging grandmother's to tell stories about their experiences, and providing additional information to grandmothers.

]]> Jane Grassley Nurses’ Experiences of Caring for Postoperative Bariatric Patients http://works.bepress.com/jane_grassley/3 http://works.bepress.com/jane_grassley/3 Fri, 20 Aug 2010 08:37:41 PDT Obesity is increasing worldwide and is so pervasive in the United States as to be classified an epidemic. Obese persons are discriminated against in all aspects of their lives including health care. Although research has demonstrated nurses exhibit prejudicial attitudes toward obese patients, it is not known if this prejudice extends to obese patients who undergo surgery for weight loss. In this hermeneutic phenomenology qualitative study, 12 nurses were interviewed to uncover what their experiences were in caring for postoperative bariatric patients. Data analysis using Colaizzi’s model revealed two themes: getting up for the first time and negotiating with families. Although this study does not support the concept that nurses are prejudiced, it does give insight into how nurses view caring for this patient group. This study supports the use of phenomenology for gathering information and the use of critical social theory to investigate and uncover the attitudes of nurses who care for postoperative bariatric surgical patients. Recommendations are offered for nursing research, education, practice, and social awareness.

]]> Paulette J. Whitfield et al. Wikis and Blogs: Tools for Online Interaction http://works.bepress.com/jane_grassley/2 http://works.bepress.com/jane_grassley/2 Fri, 20 Aug 2010 08:31:44 PDT Online education requires nursing faculty to learn teaching strategies that encourage students' interaction with the course content, their peers, the faculty, and the technology. The Web 2.0 technologies of wikis and blogs can help faculty direct online learning activities that encourage peer support, collaboration, and dialogue. The authors discuss these tools and how they were used to engage students in a nursing research course.

]]> Jane Grassley et al. Tales of Resistance and Other Emancipatory Functions of Storytelling http://works.bepress.com/jane_grassley/1 http://works.bepress.com/jane_grassley/1 Fri, 20 Aug 2010 08:26:28 PDT This paper is the report of a study to explore how the process of storytelling might facilitate women’s emancipatory knowing, using examples from women’s breastfeeding stories. Background. Storytelling, as an interactive process, can give women a way to explain pivotal life events, justify choices, examine reality and find meaning in experiences. Emancipatory functions of storytelling have been identified as contextual grounding, bonding with others, validating and affirming experiences, venting and catharsis, resisting oppression and educating others. Method. Secondary data analysis was conducted in 2008 on breastfeeding stories originally gathered from 13 women from 2002 to 2004 for a feminist hermeneutic study of maternal breastfeeding confidence. The stories were re-examined through the lens of the emancipatory functions of storytelling. Illustrations of contextual grounding, validating and affirming experiences, venting and catharsis and acts of resistance were found in the breastfeeding stories and presented as exemplars of emancipatory knowing. Findings. Women revealed the difficulties they encountered breastfeeding, transforming these experiences as they discovered their meaning. They described collisions that occurred when personal, familial, healthcare professionals’ or cultural expectations differed from their experience. The stories suggested possible liberation from old ideologies about breastfeeding as women redefined the difficulties they encountered. Conclusion. Storytelling has potential as a simple, yet profound, and powerful emancipatory intervention which nurses can use to help women in their care make sense of and transform experiences of health and illness. Storytelling may have global implications for nursing practice and research.

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