Hardware Implementation of a Visual-Motion Pixel Using Oriented Spatiotemporal Neural Filters
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Copyright 1999 IEEE. Reprinted from IEEE Transactions on
Circuits and Systems — II: Analog and Digital Signal Processing. Volume 46, Issue 9, September 1999, pages 1121 - 1136.
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Abstract
A pixel for measuring two-dimensional (2-D) visual motion with two one-dimensional (1-D) detectors has been implemented in very large scale integration. Based on the spatiotemporal feature extraction model of Adelson and Bergen, the pixel is realized using a general-purpose analog neural computer and a silicon retina. Because the neural computer only offers sum-and-threshold neurons, the Adelson and Bergen's model is modified. The quadratic nonlinearity is replaced with a full-wave rectification, while the contrast normalization is replaced with edge detection and thresholding. Motion is extracted in two dimensions by using two 1-D detectors with spatial smoothing orthogonal to the direction of motion. Analysis shows that our pixel, although it has some limitations, has much lower hardware complexity compared to the full 2-D model. It also produces more accurate results and has a reduced aperture problem compared to the two 1-D model with no smoothing. Real-time velocity is represented as a distribution of activity of the 18 X and 18 Y velocity-tuned neural filters
Suggested Citation
Ralph Etienne-Cummings, Jan Van der Spiegel, and Paul Mueller. "Hardware Implementation of a Visual-Motion Pixel Using Oriented Spatiotemporal Neural Filters" Departmental Papers (ESE) (1999).
Available at: http://works.bepress.com/jan_vanderspiegel/1