In the last decade I have focused on index numbers of trade policy. (How high are
trade barriers, understanding that there are thousands of them?) My book with Peter Neary
(MIT Press, Dec. 2005) integrates and extends this work. Most recently I have focused on
other forms of trade barriers which are implicitly visible in trade patterns. One line of
research focuses on insecurity and trade. (How much does  predation, corruption and poor
enforceability of contract limit trade? How do institutions evolve to enable and secure
trade?) This line has led me into a parallel research on Mafias. Another line of research
focuses on better inference about implicit trade costs using the gravity model and my
economic theory of gravity (AER, 1979).

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Trade and Contract Enforcement (with Leslie Young), Contributions in Economic Analysis & Policy (2006)
We model imperfect contract enforcement when the victims of default resort to spot trading because...
 

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Trade and Contract Enforcement (with Leslie Young), Contributions in Economic Analysis & Policy (2006)
We model imperfect contract enforcement when the victims of default resort to spot trading because...
 

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Trade and Contract Enforcement (with Leslie Young), Contributions in Economic Analysis & Policy (2006)
We model imperfect contract enforcement when the victims of default resort to spot trading because...
 

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Trade and Contract Enforcement (with Leslie Young), Contributions in Economic Analysis & Policy (2006)
We model imperfect contract enforcement when the victims of default resort to spot trading because...
 

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Costs of Taxation and the Benefits of Public Goods: The Role of Income Effects (with Will Martin), Working Papers in Economics (2005)
The fact that raising taxes can increase taxed labor supply through income effects is frequently...
 

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Welfare versus Market Access: The Implications of Tariff Structure for Tariff Reform (with James E. Anderson and J. Peter Neary ), Working Papers in Economics (2004)
We show that the effects of tariff changes on welfare and import volume can be...
 

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Trade Costs (with Eric van Wincoop), Working Papers in Economics (2004)
This paper surveys the measurement of trade costs - what we know, and what we...
 

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Political Pressure Deflection (with Maurizio Zanardi), Working Papers in Economics (2004)
Much economic policy is deliberately shifted away from direct political processes to administrative processes -...
 

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Anarchy and Autarky: Endogenous Predation as a Barrier to Trade (with James E. Anderson and Douglas Marcouiller S.J.), Working Papers in Economics (2001)
Market exchange is subject to an endogenously determined level of predation which impedes specialization and...