Skip to main content
Article
Relative reward effects on operant behavior: Incentive contrast,induction and variety effects
Behavioral Processes (2015)
  • Howard C Cromwell, Bowling Green State University
Abstract

Comparing different rewards automatically produces dynamic relative outcome effects on behavior. Eachnew outcome exposure is to an updated version evaluated relative to alternatives. Relative reward effectsinclude incentive contrast, positive induction and variety effects. The present study utilized a novelbehavioral design to examine relative reward effects on a chain of operant behavior using auditory cues.Incentive contrast is the most often examined effect and focuses on increases or decreases in behavioralperformance after value upshifts (positive) or downshifts (negative) relative to another outcome. Weexamined the impact of comparing two reward outcomes in a repeated measures design with three ses-sions: a single outcome and a mixed outcome and a final single outcome session. Relative reward effectsshould be apparent when comparing trials for the identical outcome between the single and mixed ses-sion types. An auditory cue triggered a series of operant responses (nosepoke-leverpress-food retrieval),and we measured possible contrast effects for different reward magnitude combinations. We found posi-tive contrast for trials with the greatest magnitude differential but positive induction or variety effects inother combinations. This behavioral task could be useful for analyzing environmental or neurobiologicalfactors involved in reward comparisons, decision-making and choice during instrumental, goal-directedaction.

Keywords
  • Incentive Contrast,
  • induction,
  • variety,
  • motivation,
  • emotion
Publication Date
Spring May 10, 2015
Citation Information
Howard C Cromwell. "Relative reward effects on operant behavior: Incentive contrast,induction and variety effects" Behavioral Processes Vol. 116 (2015)
Available at: http://works.bepress.com/howard_casey_cromwell/1/