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<title>Heidi R Anderson</title>
<copyright>Copyright (c) 2011  All rights reserved.</copyright>
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<description>Recent documents in Heidi R Anderson</description>
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<title>Funding Gideon&apos;s Promise by Viewing Excessive Caseloads as Conflicts of Interests</title>
<link>http://works.bepress.com/heidi_r_anderson/3</link>
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<pubDate>Sat, 13 Aug 2011 18:33:07 PDT</pubDate>
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	<p>Some states recently have attempted to legislate around a defendant’s constitutional right to effective assistance of counsel via a novel two-step method.  Step one is to allocate insufficient funds for public defense, which results in excessive caseloads for public defenders.  Sadly, that step is nothing new.  Step two—the one that has slipped by without sufficient notice or criticism—is to bar a public defender from withdrawing from representation based on his excessive caseload.  Ultimately, this statutory two-step further entrenches the systematic deprivation of defendants’ Sixth Amendment rights to effective assistance.</p>
<p>In this article, I urge courts to “constitutionalize” the excessive caseload problem via two steps of their own.  First, courts explicitly should recognize that excessive caseloads create unethical conflicts of interest for the public defenders laboring under them.  Second, courts should equate excessive caseload conflicts with joint representation conflicts.  Once viewed as that type of conflict, excessive caseloads then would be evaluated under Sullivan’s “adverse effect” test instead of under Strickland’s more stringent “actual prejudice” test.  Under Sullivan, the most egregious excessive caseload conflicts could be deemed unconstitutional.  As a result, courts effectively could require states to do what few legislatures are willing to do on their own—finally provide adequate funding for indigent representation consistent with Gideon’s promise.</p>

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<author>Heidi R. Anderson</author>


<category>Constitutional Law</category>

<category>Criminal Law and Procedure</category>

<category>Professional Ethics</category>

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<title>The Mythical Right to Obscurity</title>
<link>http://works.bepress.com/heidi_r_anderson/2</link>
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<pubDate>Wed, 19 Jan 2011 12:58:20 PST</pubDate>
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	<p>In several states, citizens who videotaped police misconduct and distributed the videos via the Internet recently were arrested for violating state wiretapping statutes.  These arrests highlight a clash between two key interests—the public’s desire to hold the officers accountable via exposure and the officers’ desire to keep the information private.  The arrests also raise an oft-debated privacy law question:  When should something done or said in public nevertheless be legally protected as private?</p>
<p>For decades, the answer has been: “There can be no privacy in that which is already public.”  However, given recent technological developments (e.g., cell phone cameras and YouTube), some scholars suggest that the law sometimes should restrict the exposure of truthful information shared in public.  Like the police who claim to need privacy to do their job, these scholars claim that people need privacy in public in order to feel dignified and to feel comfortable developing new ideas.  In their pragmatic balance, these privacy-related needs trump exposure-related benefits.</p>
<p>In this Article, I argue that these scholars have overstated privacy-related harms and understated exposure-related benefits.  After documenting and correcting these errors, I show how the proper balance favors exposure over privacy in all but a few special cases.  Ultimately, I conclude that the law should continue to protect the mass exposure of truthful yet embarrassing information via the “no privacy in public” rule.  Otherwise, we risk sacrificing the many benefits of exposure—including those resulting from exposure of police misconduct—on the altar of a mythical right to obscurity.</p>

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<author>Heidi R. Anderson</author>


<category>Law and Technology</category>

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<title>Allocating Influence</title>
<link>http://works.bepress.com/heidi_r_anderson/1</link>
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<pubDate>Tue, 27 Oct 2009 13:14:12 PDT</pubDate>
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	<p>As more lawmaking is achieved at the administrative agency level, the issue of whether and how to apply the rules of legal ethics to lawyers that lobby agency decision makers grows more important; however, at this time, the ethics of influencing is a murky area in need of clarification.  Any attempt to clarify the ethics of influencing should start with a core principle underlying modern legal ethics — the avoidance and/or resolution of conflicts of interest. Accordingly, this Article addresses a conflict of interest — the “allocating influence conflict”— that, to date, has escaped proper identification or analysis. In its simplest form, an allocating influence conflict emerges when: (i) a lawyer properly may, and was retained by the client to, influence an agency decision maker; and (ii) there is a significant risk that allocating influence on behalf of one client is reasonably certain to inhibit substantially the lawyer’s ability to influence the same decision maker on behalf of another client. Essentially, if a lawyer’s exercise of influence over an agency decision maker on behalf of one client could harm another client or the lawyer himself, then that lawyer likely faces an allocating influence conflict.</p>
<p>Although allocating influence conflicts occur frequently in practice (and with particular frequency in administrative law practice), primary legal ethics sources do not explicitly address them. Similarly, although a few scholars have noted individual problems that possibly could qualify as allocating influence conflicts, no scholarship has explained how to identify allocating influence conflicts or, perhaps more importantly, how to address them ethically. This lack of guidance means that many conflicts of interest are occurring without proper identification by the affected lawyer and without effective oversight from lawyers charged with enforcing ethical standards. In turn, the practical harm to clients generally is the same harm associated with all other conflicts of interest — the loss of loyalty, independent judgment, and zealous advocacy from one’s lawyer.</p>
<p>Part I of this Article defines an allocating influence conflict. In addition to providing a basic definition, it describes the circumstances in which these conflicts typically emerge, and distinguishes the allocating influence problem from other comparatively benign resource-allocation conflicts. Part II of this Article demonstrates the pressing need to address allocating influence conflicts given their prevalence and their harmful effects on both clients and the profession. Part III demonstrates that existing ethics sources, though lacking direct recognition of allocating influence conflicts, provide the proper foundation for addressing them. Part IV addresses how to resolve allocating influence conflicts, first by showing how allocating influence conflicts fit within the existing conflict of interest framework and, second, by suggesting specific revisions to the comments to the Model Rules of Professional Conduct.</p>

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<author>Heidi R. Anderson</author>


<category>Professional Responsibility</category>

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