Books

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The Genesis of Animal Play: Testing the Limits (2005)

In The Genesis of Animal Play, Gordon Burghardt examines the origins and evolution of play...

 

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The Cognitive Animal: Empirical and Theoretical Perspectives on Animal Cognition (with Allen M. Bekoff) (2002)

The fifty-seven original essays in this book provide a comprehensive overview of the interdisciplinary field...

 

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The Well-being of Animals in Zoo and Aquarium Sponsored Research (with J. T. Bielitski, J. R. Boyce, and D. O. Schaefer) (1996)

Covers how research concerns different in zoos and aquariums, ethical considerations for conservation research, trends...

 

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Iguanas of the World: Their Behavior, Ecology, and Conservation (with Stanley Rand) (1982)

Iguanas are large, primeval-appearing animals that have always attracted considerable attention and scientific study. The...

 

Articles

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Breaking the social-nonsocial dichotomy: A role for reptiles in vertebrate social behaviour research? (with J. Sean Doody and Vladimir Dinets), Ethology (2013)

Although social behavior in vertebrates spans a continuum from solitary to highly social, taxa are...

 

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Prey availability influences the ontogeny and timing of chemoreception-based prey shifting in the striped crayfish snake, Regina alleni (with R. M. Waters), Journal of Comparative Psychology (2013)

Striped crayfish snakes (Regina alleni) undergo a dietary shift from dragonfly larvae to crayfish during...

 

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Chemical investigations of defensive steroid sequestration by the Asian snake Rhabdophis tigrinus (with Deborah A. Hutchinson, Alan H. Savitzky, Jerrold Meinwald, and Frank C. Schroeder), Chemoecology (2012)

Rhabdophis tigrinus is an Asian natricine snake that possesses unusual defensive glands on the dorsal...

 

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Nuchal glands: a novel defensive system in snakes (with Akira Mori, Alan H. Savitzky, Kathleen A. Roberts, Deborah A. Hutchinson, and Richard C. Goris), Chemoecology (2012)

Of the various chemical defensive adaptations of vertebrates, nuchal glands are among the most unusual....

 

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Sequestered defensive toxins in tetrapod vertebrates: principles, patterns, and prospects for future studies (with Alan H. Savitzky, Akira Mori, Deborah A. Hutchinson, Ralph A. Saporito, Harvey B. Lillywhite, and Jerrold Meinwald), Chemoecology (2012)

Chemical defenses are widespread among animals, and the compounds involved may be either synthesized from...

 

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ong-term retention of visual tasks by two species of emydid turtles, Pseudemys nelsoni and Trachemys scripta (with Karen M. David), Journal of Comparative Psychology (2012)

Long-lived species are expected to have long-term memory capabilities. In this study we tested nine...

 

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Hybridization between two gartersnake species (Thamnophis) of conservation concern: A threat or an important natural interaction? (with John S. Placyk Jr., Benjamin M. Fitzpatrick, Gary S. Casper, Randall L. Small, R. Graham Reynolds, Daniel W.A. Noble, and Ronald J. Brooks), Conservation Genetics (2012)

Distinguishing between hybrid zones formed by secondary contact versus parapatric divergence-with-gene-flow is an important challenge...

 

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Minimizing observer bias in behavioral studies: a review and recommendations, Ethology (2012)

Since the 1970s, texts on research methods in animal behavior advocate that researchers minimize potential...

 

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A behavioral biology for the future, Ethology (2012)

Some comments are appended to Patrick Bateson’s reflections on the future of behavioral biology that...

 

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Nonconceptive sexual behavior in spiders: a form of play associated with body condition, personality type, and male intrasexual selection, Ethology (2012)

In the socially polymorphic spider Anelosimus studiosus, males mature early in the reproductive season and...

 

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Seven missteps of desire (with Matthew A. Cooper), Neuropsychoanalysis (2012)
 

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Successive virgin births of viable male progeny in the Checkered Garter Snake, Thamnophis marcianus (with R. Graham Reynolds, Warren Booth, Gordon W. Schuett, and Benjamin M. Fitzpatrick), Biological Journal of the Linnean Society (2012)

In recent years genotyping analysis using mini- and microsatellite markers has provided robust DNA-based support...

 

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Consecutive virgin births in the New World boid snake, the Columbian rainbow boa, Epicrates maurus (with Warren Booth, R. Graham Reynolds, Edward L. Vargo, Coby Schal, Athanasia C. Tzika, and Gordon W. Schuett), Journal of Heredity (2011)

Until recently, facultative automictic parthenogenesis within the squamate reptiles exhibiting ZZ:ZW genetic sex determination has...

 

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Turtles (Psuedemys nelsoni) learn about visual cues indicating food from experienced turtles (with K M. Davis), Journal of Comparative Psychology (2011)

We investigated whether turtles (Pseudemys nelsoni) could learn about a visual object cue to obtain...

 

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Evolutionary persistence of chemically elicited ophiophagous antipredator responses in gartersnakes, Thamnophis sirtalis, Journal of Comparative Psychology (2011)

The ability to detect and respond to potential predators is key for the survival of...

 

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Current Perspectives on the Biological Study of Play: Signs of Progress (with Graham L. Kerrie), Quarterly Review of Biology (2010)

There has been a recent resurgence of interest in the study of play behavior, marked...

 

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A new method for studying problem solving and tool use in stingrays (Potamotrygon castexi) (with Michael J. Kuba and Ruth A. Byrne), Animal Cognition (2010)

Testing the cognitive abilities of cartilaginous fishes is important in understanding the evolutionary origins of...

 

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Introducing a new method to study problem solving and tool use in fresh water stingrays, Potamotrygon castexi (with Michael J. Kuba and Ruth A. Byrne), Animal Cognition (2010)

Testing the cognitive abilities of cartilaginous fishes is important in understanding the evolutionary origins of...

 

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Phylogenetically widespread multiple paternity in New World natricine snakes (with T. R. Wusterbarth, R. B. King, M. R. Duvall, and W. S. Grayburn), Herpetological Conservation and Biology (2010)

We used microsatellite DNA markers to identify the extent to which multiple paternity within litters...

 

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Review of Wild Justice (M. Bekoff & J. Pierce, 2009), American Journal of Play (2010)
 

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Stimulus control of lingual predatory luring and related foraging tactics of Mangrove Saltmarsh Snakes (Nerodia clarkii compressicauda) (with K. A. Hansknecht), Journal of Comparative Psychology (2010)

Knowledge of the various cues that elicit natural behavior is important to our understanding of...

 

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The Comparative Reach of Play and Brain: Perspective, Evidence, and Implications, American Journal of Play (2010)

Scholars interested in play in humans should take note of the growing literature on play...

 

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Darwin's legacy to comparative psychology and ethology, American Psychologist (2009)

Charles Darwin made numerous seminal contributions to the study of animal behavior over his long...

 

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Ethics and animal consciousness: How rubber the ethical ruler?, Journal of Social Issues (2009)

The treatment of nonhuman animals has been marked by extremes of beneficence and cruelty. The...

 

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Rapid solving of a problem apparatus by juvenile black-throated monitor lizards (Varanus albigularis albigularis) (with Jennifer D. Manrod and Ruston Hartdegen), Animal Cognition (2008)

It is widely accepted that providing stimulus enrichment is an important part of the development...

 

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Comparative experimental tests of natricine antipredator displays, with special reference to the apparently unique displays in the Asian genus, Rhabdophis (with A. Mori), Journal of Ethology (2008)

Nuchal glands are unique organs known in only twelve Old World natricine species (three genera)...

 

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Comparative experimental tests of natricine antipredator displays, with special reference to the apparently unique displays in the Asian genus, Rhabdophis (with Akira Mori), Journal of Ethology (2008)

Nuchal glands are unique organs known in only twelve Old World natricine species (three genera)...

 

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Contextual flexibility: Reassessing the effects of prey size and status on prey restraint behaviour of macrostomate snakes (with R. Mehta), Ethology (2008)

Contextual flexibility in prey restraint behaviour has been documented in advanced snakes (Colubroidea), but the...

 

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Distinctiveness in the face of gene flow: Hybridization between specialist and generalist gartersnakes (with B. M. Fitzpatrick, J. S. Placyk, and M. L. Niemiller), Molecular Ecology (2008)

Patterns of divergence and polymorphism across hybrid zones can provide important clues as to their...

 

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Evolutionary psychology and the origins of play, The General Psychologist (2008)
 

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Rapid solving of a problem apparatus by juvenile black-throated monitor lizards (Varanus albigularis albigularis) (with J. D. Manrod and R. Hartdegen), Animal Cognition (2008)

It is widely accepted that providing stimulus enrichment is an important part of the development...

 

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The origins of play and some implications, iP-D!P (For Professionals in Play) (2008)
 

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The sun always rises: Scientists need semantics, too, Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2008)

Penn et al. do not demonstrate Darwin made a mistake, because they largely ignore the...

 

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Updating von Uexküll: New directions in communication research, Journal of Comparative Psychology (2008)

The study of communication in all its forms has come a long way conceptually and...

 

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Application of microsatellite DNA markers to discriminate maternal and genetic effects on scalation and behavior in multiply-sired garter snake litters, Canadian Journal of Zoology (2007)

Incomplete knowledge of pedigrees sometimes limits the methods of estimating quantitative genetic parameters (heritability, genetic...

 

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Critical anthropomorphism, uncritical anthropocentrism, and naïve nominalism, Comparative Cognition and Behavior Reviews (2007)
 

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Dietary sequestration of defensive steroids in nuchal glands of the Asian snake Rhabdophis tigrinus (with A. Mori, A. H. Savitsky, X. Wu, J. Meinwald, and F. C. Schroeder), Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (2007)

The Asian snake Rhabdophis tigrinus possesses specialized defensive glands on its neck that contain steroidal...

 

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Post-glacial recolonization of the Great Lakes region by the common gartersnake (Thamnophis sirtalis) inferred from mtDNA sequences (with J. S. Placyk, R. L. Small, R. B. King, G. S. Casper, and J. W. Robinson), Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution (2007)

Pleistocene events played an important role in the differentiation of North American vertebrate populations. Michigan,...

 

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Sexual dimorphism of body and relative head sizes in neonatal common garter snakes (Thamnophis sirtalis) (with M. A. Krause), Journal of Zoology (2007)

Morphological and behavioral differences between sexes are commonplace throughout the animal kingdom. Body size is...

 

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Training and long-term memory of a novel food acquisition task in a turtle Pseudemys nelsoni) (with K. Davis), Behavioural Processes (2007)

We developed a shaping procedure for training Florida red-bellied cooters, Pseudemys nelsoni, to dislodge clear...

 

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Editorial, Journal of Comparative Psychology (2006)

Both continuity and change typically mark the changing of editors at a long-established journal with...

 

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A rebellious revolution. Review of The Robot's Rebellion: Finding Meaning in the Age of Darwin (K. E. Stanovich, 2004), Trends in Ecology and Evolution (TREE) (2006)

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2006.03.020

 

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Environmental enrichment alters the behavioral profile of ratsnakes (Elaphe) (with L. Almli), Journal of Applied Animal Welfare Science (2006)

This study investigated the effects of environmentally enriched and standard laboratory housing conditions on behavioral...

 

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Feeding preferences in two disjunct populations of tiger snakes, Notechis scutatus (Elapidae) (with F. Aubret, S. Maumelet, X. Bonnet, and D. Bradshaw), Behavioral Ecology (2006)

Variations at both the genetic and phenotypic levels play an important role in responses to...

 

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Money, play, and instincts, Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2006)

The metaphor drug model of money slights the possibility that money may literally tap into...

 

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Snake mating systems: The revisionary implications of recent findings (with J. A. Rivas), Journal of Comparative Psychology (2005)

Sexual selection and mating systems profoundly influence the behavior and psychology of animals. Using their...

 

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Unlearned appetite controls: Snakes take smaller meals when they have the choice (with P. A. Andreadis), Journal of Comparative Psychology (2005)

Studies of appetite in mammals emphasize that meal size is learned, but lactation and parental...

 

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Geographic variation in the frequency of scarring and tail stubs in eastern garter snakes (Thamnophis s. sirtalis) from Michigan, USA (with J. S. Placyk), Amphibia-Reptilia (2005)

Tail loss, urotomy, in reptiles and amphibians has been the emphasis of many ecological and...

 

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Geographic variation in the frequency of scarring and tail stubs in eastern gartersnakes (Thamnophis s. sirtalis) from Michigan, USA (with John S. Placyk), Amphibia-Reptilia (2005)

Tail loss, urotomy, in reptiles and amphibians has been the emphasis of many ecological and...

 

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The interaction of food motivation and experience in the ontogeny of chemoreception in crayfish snakes (with R. M. Waters), Animal Behaviour (2005)

Precocial offspring are often required to recognize and acquire food without assistance. In addition, they...

 

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The next frontier: Moral Heuristics and the treatment of animals (with H. A. Herzog), Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2005)

heuristics provide insight into the inconsistencies that characterize thinking related to the use of nonhuman...

 

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Ground rules for dealing with anthropomorphism, Nature (2004)

Clive Wynne misrepresented my published views in his Concepts essay "The perils of anthropomorphism" (Nature...

 

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William Samuel Verplanck, Jr. (1916-2002), American Psychologist (2003)

Obituary for experimental psychologist and mentor William Samuel Verplanck, Jr. (1916-2002)

doi: 10.1037/0003-066X.58.6-7.491

 

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Body size plasticity and local variation of relative sexual size dimorphism in garter snakes (Thamnophis sirtalis) (with Mark A. Krause and James C. Gillingham), Journal of Zoology (2003)

For snakes, prey size and sex are two possible determinants of head and body size....

 

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William S. Verplanck (1916-2002) "Happy Jack", European Journal of Behavior Analysis (2003)
 

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Geographic variation of multiple paternity in the common garter snake (Thamnophis sirtalis) (with Trenton W.J. Garner, Patrick T. Gregory, Gary F. McCracken, Ben F. Koop, Sylvia E. McLain, and R. John Nelson), Copeia (2002)

The common garter snake, Thamnophis sirtalis, is the most widely distributed reptile species in North...

 

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Thermal effects on antipredator behaviour of Rhabdophis tigrinus tigrinus, a snake with toxic nuchal glands (with Akira Mori), Ethology (2001)

Many contextual factors affect the anti-predator behaviour of animals. In ectotherms, in which most physiological...

 

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Understanding sexual size dimorphism in snakes: wearing the snake’s shoes (with Jesús A. Rivas), Animal Behaviour (2001)

http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/anbe.2001.1755

 

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Noninvasive high field MRI brain imaging of the garter snake (Thamnophis sirtalis) (with Charles L. Anderson, George W. Kabalka, Donna G. Layne, and Jonathan P. Dyke), Copeia (2000)

This report documents the application of high field magnetic resonance imaging to viewing the central...

 

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Chemical Stimuli from potential prey and predators: behavioural responses by hatchling racers (Coluber constrictor) from two geographically distinct populations (with William E. Cooper and William S. Brown), Amphibia-Reptilia (2000)

In experiments on responses to chemical food stimuli by previously unfed hatchlings from widely separated...

 

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Geographic variation in antipredator responses of hatchlings of a Japanese natricine snake, Rhabdophis tigrinus (with Akira Mori), Journal of Comparative Psychology (2000)

Rhabdophis tigrinus, which typically forages on toads, has unusual nuchal glands on its dorsal neck...

 

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The genetics of dietary experience in a restricted natural population (with Donna G. Layne and Lyle Konigsberg), Psychological Science (2000)

The sources of individual differences in human and non-human animals remain controversial. We demonstrate that...

 

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Access to Another Mind: Naturalistic Theories Require Naturalistic Data (with Mark A. Krause), Psyche (1999)

If there is to be a natural theory of consciousness that would satisfy both philosophers...

 

Contributions to Books

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Consummatory acts, The Encyclopedia of Applied Animal Behaviour and Welfare (2010)

The practical focus of this authoritative, comprehensive encyclopedia promotes the understanding and improvement of animal...

 

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Reptiles, The Encyclopedia of Applied Animal Behaviour and Welfare (2010)

The practical focus of this authoritative, comprehensive encyclopedia promotes the understanding and improvement of animal...

 

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Critical anthropomorphism, Encyclopedia of Animal Rights and Animal Welfare (2010)
 

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Development of modern animal behavior: 1920-1973, Encyclopedia of Animal Behavior (2010)
 

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Play, Encyclopedia of Animal Behavior (2010)
 

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Reptiles, The Encyclopedia Of Applied Animal Behaviour and Welfare (2010)
 

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Reptiles, Encyclopedia of Animal Rights and Animal Welfare (2010)
 

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Animal consciousness (with M. Bekoff), Oxford Companion to Consciousness (2009)
 

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Combating ophiophobia: Origins, treatment, education and conservation tools (with J. B. Murphy, D. Chiszar, and M. Hutchins), Snakes: Ecology and Conservation (2009)
 

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Foreword, Playful Brain; Venturing to the limits of Neuroscience (2009)
 

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Play and evolution, Encyclopedia of Play in Today’s Society (2009)
 

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Play as interspecies communication, Encyclopedia of Play in Today’s Society (2009)
 

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Surplus resource theory, Encyclopedia of Play in Today’s Society (2009)
 

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The insidious snake, Courting the Wild: Love Affairs with Reptiles and Amphibians (2009)
 

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Cognitive ethology, Encyclopedia of Environmental Ethics and Philosophy (2008)
 

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Natural history of the green anaconda in the Venezuelan llanos (with J. A. Rivas, M. C. Muñoz, J. B. Thorbjarnarson, W. Holmstrom, and P. Calle), Biology of the Boas and Pythons (2007)
 

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Sexual size dimorphism and the mating system of the Green Anaconda (Eunectes murinus) (with J. A. Rivas, M. C. Muñoz, and J. B. Thorbjarnarson), Biology of the Boas and Pythons (2007)
 

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Anthropomorphism, Encyclopedia of Animal Behavior (2004)

The most up-to-date, comprehensive, and accessible reference resource for learning about animal behavior.

What is...

 

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Iguana research: Looking back and looking forward, Iguanas: Biology and Conservation (2004)

In what is certain to be the key reference on iguanas for years to come,...

 

Play and the brain in comparative perspective, The Child’s Right to Play: A Global Approach (2004)
 

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Play: How evolution can explain the most mysterious behavior of all, Evolution: From Molecules to Ecosystems (2004)

The book addresses many issues in the study of evolution where important advances have recently...