Laboratories serve as information engines for the public health enterprise, and their importance to population health improvement is likely to grow considerably under U.S. health reform. This session will examine the changing landscape of public health responsibilities within a reforming U.S. health system, and the current and potential roles for public health laboratories in improving the health and economic value of investments in public health. The session examines key changes in the organization, financing, and delivery of public health services that are occurring through innovations to better integrate public health and medical care delivery, and the current and potential roles played by public health laboratories in these transformations. The session concludes by reviewing tangible steps that laboratory leaders and professionals can take to incorporate economic evaluation principles, methods, and findings into their work to accelerate public health system transformation.