This paper contains short summaries of two main speeches made during the NELN+ Conference in Lund in October 2011. The first speaker, Nicolas de Sadeleer from Belgium, talked about the issues of precautionary measures in situations of scientific uncertainty. He presented an overview of the relevant EU case-law from the General Court and the Court of Justice. The central question that was highlighted concerned the space left to the EU Commission and Council to determine how “safe is safe”. The second speaker, Hillevi Eriksson from Sweden, reflected on the results of her research within the topic “Knowledge Needed for Climate Adaptation in Forestry”. She discussed possible positive and negative effects of climate change on forest in Sweden, as well as the position of the Swedish Forest Agency on this issue. Importance of other values than strictly economic was highlighted, including biodiversity protection and social factors. Examples from earlier research on climate and vulnerability were given that considered infrastructure, water supply, agriculture, forestry, reindeer keeping and human health.