Alcoa of Australia has mined bauxite for the production of aluminium since 1963 in Western Australia's northern Jarrah ('Eucalyptus marginata') forest. While the company has made significant advances in its rehabilitation methods some plant species still pose a challenge in restoring native Jarrah forest vegetation (Koch 2007). The cycad 'Macrozamia riedlei' (Zamia), is a key species in the Jarrah forest, but is under-represented on rehabilitated sites (around 50/ha) compared with densities in adjacent unmined forest (around 1000/ha).