Brian D Hodgson Copyright (c) 2012 All rights reserved. http://works.bepress.com/brian_hodgson Recent documents in Brian D Hodgson en-us Fri, 23 Nov 2012 06:26:27 PST 3600 Amelioration of Oral Mucositis Pain by NASA Near Infra Red Light Emitting Diodes in Bone Marrow Transplant Patients (Poster) http://works.bepress.com/brian_hodgson/10 http://works.bepress.com/brian_hodgson/10 Tue, 10 Jan 2012 08:11:44 PST Brian Hodgson et al. Amelioration of Oral Mucositis Pain by NASA Near Infra Red Light Emitting Diodes in Bone Marrow Transplant Patients http://works.bepress.com/brian_hodgson/9 http://works.bepress.com/brian_hodgson/9 Tue, 10 Jan 2012 08:11:43 PST Brian Hodgson The acrocallosal syndrome: A case report and literature survey http://works.bepress.com/brian_hodgson/8 http://works.bepress.com/brian_hodgson/8 Tue, 10 Jan 2012 08:11:42 PST Acrocallosal syndrome (ACS) is a rare, genetically transmitted disorder characterized by facial deformities. These include a large forehead, large anterior fontanelle, broad nasal bridge with increased intercanthal distance, partial or complete agenesis of the corpus callosum, polysyndactyly, polydactyly, and mental retardation. Limited information concerning the dental development and treatment has been published. In addition to the classic facial deformities aforementioned, the other most commonly reported oral findings are: short philtrum/upper lip (30%); high-arched palate (30%); cleft lip/palate (20%); micro/retrognathia (13%); open mouth (15%); thin lips (11%); and 1 report of over-retained primary teeth. Seizure disorders are also a common finding due to the neuroanatomical deformities associated with this disorder. The purpose of this report was to describe the case of a 7-year-old male child with acrocallosal syndrome who presented with a cleft lip and palate, hydrocephalus, a seizure disorder, and delayed exfoliation of his primary dentition and was observed for 4 years. A review is conducted to present the pertinent medical literature concerning the oral findings associated with ACS. Dental management of this case and possible contributing factors of delayed exfoliation/permanent tooth eruption are also discussed.

]]> Brian Hodgson et al. Clinical and Experimental Applications of NIR-LED Photobiomodulation http://works.bepress.com/brian_hodgson/7 http://works.bepress.com/brian_hodgson/7 Tue, 10 Jan 2012 08:11:41 PST This review presents current research on the use of far-red to near-infrared (NIR) light treatment in various in vitro and in vivo models. Low-intensity light therapy, commonly referred to as “photobiomodulation,” uses light in the far-red to near-infrared region of the spectrum (630–1000 nm) and modulates numerous cellular functions. Positive effects of NIR–light-emitting diode (LED) light treatment include acceleration of wound healing, improved recovery from ischemic injury of the heart, and attenuated degeneration of injured optic nerves by improving mitochondrial energy metabolism and production. Various in vitro and in vivo models of mitochondrial dysfunction were treated with a variety of wavelengths of NIR-LED light. These studies were performed to determine the effect of NIR-LED light treatment on physiologic and pathologic processes. NIRLED light treatment stimulates the photoacceptor cytochrome c oxidase, resulting in increased energy metabolism and production. NIR-LED light treatment accelerates wound healing in ischemic rat and murine diabetic wound healing models, attenuates the retinotoxic effects of methanol-derived formic acid in rat models, and attenuates the developmental toxicity of dioxin in chicken embryos. Furthermore, NIR-LED light treatment prevents the development of oral mucositis in pediatric bone marrow transplant patients. The experimental results demonstrate that NIR-LED light treatment stimulates mitochondrial oxidative metabolism in vitro, and accelerates cell and tissue repair in vivo. NIR-LED light represents a novel, noninvasive, therapeutic intervention for the treatment of numerous diseases linked to mitochondrial dysfunction.

]]> Kristina D. Desmet et al. Effect of Light-emitting Diode Irradiation on Wound Healing http://works.bepress.com/brian_hodgson/6 http://works.bepress.com/brian_hodgson/6 Tue, 10 Jan 2012 08:11:39 PST Objective: The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) and near-infrared light therapy on wound healing.

Background Data: Light-emitting diodes (LED), originally developed for NASA plant growth experiments in space show promise for delivering light deep into tissues of the body to promote wound healing and human tissue growth. In this paper, we review and present our new data of LED treatment on cells grown in culture, on ischemic and diabetic wounds in rat models, and on acute and chronic wounds in humans.

Materials and Methods: In vitro and in vivo (animal and human) studies utilized a variety of LED wavelength, power intensity, and energy density parameters to begin to identify conditions for each biological tissue that are optimal for biostimulation.

Results: LED produced in vitro increases of cell growth of 140–200% in mouse-derived fibroblasts, rat-derived osteoblasts, and rat-derived skeletal muscle cells, and increases in growth of 155–171% of normal human epithelial cells. Wound size decreased up to 36% in conjunction with HBO in ischemic rat models. LED produced improvement of greater than 40% in musculoskeletal training injuries in Navy SEAL team members, and decreased wound healing time in crew members aboard a U.S. Naval submarine. LED produced a 47% reduction in pain of children suffering from oral mucositis.

Conclusion: We believe that the use of NASA LED for light therapy alone, and in conjunction with hyperbaric oxygen, will greatly enhance the natural wound healing process, and more quickly return the patient to a preinjury/ illness level of activity. This work is supported and managed through the NASA Marshall Space Flight Center–SBIR Program.

]]> Harry T. Whelan et al. Effect of Photobiomodulation on Vinblastine-Poisoned Murine HERS Cells http://works.bepress.com/brian_hodgson/5 http://works.bepress.com/brian_hodgson/5 Tue, 10 Jan 2012 08:11:38 PST Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of near-infrared (NIR) photobiomodulation on the proliferation and glutathione levels in murine Hertwig's epithelial root sheath (HERS) cells after poisoning with vinblastine. Background: Photobiomodulation has been shown to improve wound healing in a number of animal models. There have been no studies on the effect of photobiomodulation on cancer-related chemotherapy injury to the cells that initiate tooth root growth. Materials and Methods: Control groups consisted of murine HERS cells without vinblastine (VB−) and cells with vinblastine at 10, 20, and 30 ng/mL (VB10, VB20, and VB30). Experimental groups consisted of these same groups with light therapy (VB-L, VB10L, VB20L, and VB30L). The cells were exposed to vinblastine for 1 h. Photobiomodulation consisted of a 75-cm2 gallium-aluminum-arsenide light-emitting diode (LED) array at an energy density of 12.8 J/cm2, delivered with 50 mW/cm2 power over 256 s. Results: Vinblastine alone significantly decreased HERS cell proliferation and glutathione levels at all concentrations (VB10 [−55%, p < 1.0 × 10−8]; VB20 [−72%, p < 1.0 × 10−9]; VB30 [−80%, p < 1.0 × 10−10]; and VB10 [−36%, p < 0.0001]; VB20 [−49%, p < 1.0 × 10−6]; VB30 [−53%, p < 1.0 × 10−7] respectively). Photobiomodulation significantly increased cell proliferation at all levels of vinblastine exposure (VB10L [+50%, p < 0.0001]; VB20L [+45%, p < 0.05]; VB30 [+39%, p < 0.05]) but not of the control (+22%, p  = 0.063). The photobiomodulation significantly increased glutathione production in all concentrations of vinblastine except 20 ng/mL (VB10L [+39%, p = 0.007]; VB20L [+19%, p = 0.087]; VB30 [+14%, p = 0.025]) and the control (+12%, p = 0.13). Conclusions: Photobiomodulation demonstrated an improvement in proliferation and glutathione levels in vinblastine-poisoned murine HERS cells.

]]> Brian Hodgson et al. Factors Associated With Receipt of Preventive Dental Treatment Procedures Among Adult Patients at a Dental Training School in Wisconsin, 2001-2002 http://works.bepress.com/brian_hodgson/4 http://works.bepress.com/brian_hodgson/4 Tue, 10 Jan 2012 08:11:37 PST Background: Gender differences in oral health-related quality of life and the fear of dental pain in seeking and receiving preventive dental care have been recognized and documented. Preventive dental treatment procedures (PDTPs) are commonly accepted as the primary approach to prevent dental disease.
Objective: We examined whether the likelihood of receiving PDTPs differed by gender in adult patients receiving dental care at a dental training institution in Milwaukee, Wisconsin.
Methods: Data from the Marquette University School of Dentistry electronic patient management database for 2001 through 2002 were analyzed. Descriptive, bivariate, and multivariable analyses were performed. The preventive procedures used in the study were those coded in accordance with the American Dental Association's classification system: D1110 (adult prophylaxis: professional cleaning and polishing of the teeth), D1204 (adult topical application of fluoride), D1205 (adult topical application of fluoride plus prophylaxis), and D1330 (oral hygiene instruction).
Results: Of the 1563 consecutive patient records (888 women, 675 men) reviewed for the years 2001-2002, 794 individuals (51%), aged 18 to 60 years, were identified as having received PDTPs. At the bivariate level, a significant gender difference in the receipt of PDTPs was identified (423 women [48%] vs 371 men [55%]; P = 0.004). In the multivariable analyses, age, race/ethnicity, marital status, poverty level, and health insurance type (public, private, none) were significantly associated with the receipt of PDTPs (all, P < 0.05), but gender was not.
Conclusions: Gender differences in receiving PDTPs were not found in this dental school patient population. Receipt of PDTPs was associated with other demographic factors such as age, race/ethnicity, marital status, income level, and health insurance.

]]> Christopher Okunseri et al. An alternative technique for applying fluoride varnish http://works.bepress.com/brian_hodgson/3 http://works.bepress.com/brian_hodgson/3 Tue, 10 Jan 2012 08:11:36 PST Brian Hodgson Mitochondrial signal transduction in accelerated wound and retinal healing by near-infrared light therapy http://works.bepress.com/brian_hodgson/2 http://works.bepress.com/brian_hodgson/2 Tue, 10 Jan 2012 08:11:35 PST Photobiomodulation by light in the red to near infrared range (630–1000 nm) using low energy lasers or light-emitting diode (LED) arrays has been shown to accelerate wound healing, improve recovery from ischemic injury in the heart and attenuate degeneration in the injured optic nerve. Recent evidence indicates that the therapeutic effects of red to near infrared light result, in part, from intracellular signaling mechanisms triggered by the interaction of NIR light with the mitochondrial photoacceptor molecule cytochrome c oxidase. We have demonstrated that NIR-LED photo-irradiation increases the production of cytochrome oxidase in cultured primary neurons and reverses the reduction of cytochrome oxidase activity produced by metabolic inhibitors. We have also shown that NIR-LED treatment prevents the development of oral mucositis in pediatric bone marrow transplant patients. Photobiomodulation improves wound healing in genetically diabetic mice by upregulating genes important in the promotion of wound healing. More recent studies have provided evidence for the therapeutic benefit of NIR-LED treatment in the survival and functional recovery of the retina and optic nerve in vivo after acute injury by the mitochondrial toxin, formic acid generated in the course of methanol intoxication. Gene discovery studies conducted using microarray technology documented a significant upregulation of gene expression in pathways involved in mitochondrial energy production and antioxidant cellular protection. These findings provide a link between the actions of red to near infrared light on mitochondrial oxidative metabolism in vitro and cell injury in vivo. Based on these findings and the strong evidence that mitochondrial dysfunction is involved in the pathogenesis of numerous diseases processes, we propose that NIR-LED photobiomodulation represents an innovative and non-invasive therapeutic approach for the treatment of tissue injury and disease processes in which mitochondrial dysfunction is postulated to play a role including diabetic retinopathy, age-related macular degeneration, Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy and Parkinson's disease.

]]> Janis T. Eells et al. NASA Light-Emitting Diodes for the Prevention of Oral Mucositis in Pediatric Bone Marrow Transplant Patients http://works.bepress.com/brian_hodgson/1 http://works.bepress.com/brian_hodgson/1 Tue, 10 Jan 2012 08:11:34 PST Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of prophylactic near-infrared light therapy from light-emitting diodes (LEDs) in pediatric bone marrow transplant (BMT) recipients.

Background Data: Oral mucositis (OM) is a frequent side effect of chemotherapy that leads to increased morbidity. Near-infrared light has been shown to produce biostimulatory effects in tissues, and previous results using nearinfrared lasers have shown improvement in OM indices. However, LEDs may hold greater potential for clinical applications.

Materials and Methods: We recruited 32 consecutive pediatric patients undergoing myeloablative therapy in preparation for BMT. Patients were examined by two of three pediatric dentists trained in assessing the Schubert oral mucositis index (OMI) for left and right buccal and lateral tongue mucosal surfaces, while the patients were asked to rate their current left and right mouth pain, left and right xerostomia, and throat pain. LED therapy consisted of daily treatment at a fluence of 4 J/cm2 using a 670-nm LED array held to the left extraoral epithelium starting on the day of transplant, with a concurrent sham treatment on the right. Patients were assessed before BMT and every 2–3 days through posttransplant day 14. Outcomes included the percentage of patients with ulcerative oral mucositis (UOM) compared to historical epidemiological controls, the comparison of left and right buccal pain to throat pain, and the comparison between sides of the buccal and lateral tongue OMI and buccal pain.

Results: The incidence of UOM was 53%, compared to an expected rate of 70–90%. There was also a 48% and 39% reduction of treated left and right buccal pain, respectively, compared to untreated throat pain at about posttransplant day 7 (p < 0.05). There were no significant differences between sides in OMI or pain.

Conclusion: Although more studies are needed, LED therapy appears useful in the prevention of OM in pediatric BMT patients.

]]> Harry T. Whelan et al.