A Personal Health Record (PHR) is an electronic, universally available, lifelong resource of health information maintained by individuals. There are numerous potential benefits to PHRs, including improved patient-provider relationships, increased patient empowerment, and enhanced care safety, efficiency, coordination, and quality. However, privacy, security, cost, and adoption issues have been significant barriers to implementation. The purpose of this research was to determine how the use of PHRs affects patient outcomes, as well as to analyze benefits and barriers of adoption of PHRs. The methodology for the examination of the benefits and barriers to PHR implementation was conducted following the basic principles of a systematic review. From a total of 144 initial references 76 sources were deemed suitable for use in this research study. A series of issues have been repeatedly listed as key barriers to the use of PHRs by patients and physicians including, privacy and security concerns, costs, integrity, accountability, and health literacy. PHRs have given control to the consumer and have provided patients with autonomy and empowerment. Full intent of functionality and use of PHRs will occur when patients and providers believe the information is safe, accurate, reliable and applicable for improving health.